Chapter 3 Part 1 Flashcards
Animal Cell
The fundamental unit of life. There are many different type of cells working in our bodies right now each with a different function. It is the simplest collection of matter that can still be alive. All cells are related to their descent from earlier cells.
Cells:
Animal Cell
________________ the development of instruments that extend the human sense. The invention of these lead to the discovery of cells.
Microscopy:
Animal Cell
_______________ visible light is passed through the specimen and then through the glass lenses.
Light Microscope:
Animal Cell
• Three important parameters in microscopy:
Magnification, resolution, and contrast
Animal Cell
_____________ the ratio of an object’s image size to its real size
Magnification:
Animal Cell
____________ a measure of clarity of an image
Resolution:
Animal Cell
is the difference in brightness between the light and dark areas of an image.
Contrast:
Animal Cell
________________ the membrane enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells, such as the nucleus.
Organelles:
Animal Cell
______________________ focuses a beam of electrons onto the surface of something.
Electron Microscope:
Animal Cell
_____________________ is used for detailed studies of the topography of a specimen. It focuses a beam of electrons on a specimen’s surface so that the specimen appears 3D. Used to look at surfaces.
Scanning Electron Microscope:
Animal Cell
_____________________ is used to study the internal structure of a cell. It focuses a beam of electrons through a specific area of a specimen.
Transmission Electron Microscope:
Animal Cell
______________________ used in the study of the structure and function of cells. It takes apart and separates major organelles and other multicellular structures from one another. It centrifuges the cells, spins them in a tub at increasing speeds.
Cell Fractionation:
Animal Cell
___________________: the selectively permeable binding part of cell. Functions as a selective barrier that allows nutrients in and wastes out.
Plasma Membrane
Animal Cell
_________________________: the semifluid inside of the cell, in which all subcellular components are suspended.
Cytosol:
Animal Cell
_____________________: are contained in cells and they carry genes in the form of DNA
Chromosomes:
Animal Cell
___________________: tiny complexes that make proteins according to instruction from the genes.
Ribosomes:
Animal Cell
____________________: is small and not complex. It contains DNA in a non-membrane bound nucleoid.
Prokaryotic Cells:
Animal Cell
_______________________ complex and larger. It contains DNA is a membrane bound nucleolus and contains other membrane bound organelles.
Eukaryotic Cells:
Animal Cell
__________ the area between the nucleus and the cell membrane
Cytoplasm:
Animal Cell
_________________ composed of the Rough ER and
Smooth ER. It is a network of membranous sacs and tubes active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes. The Rough ER is ribosome studded.
Endoplasmic Reticulum:
Animal Cell
__________________ metabolic processes. Synthesis of lipids and other organic biological chemicals. Processes steroid and hormones.
Smooth ER:
Animal Cell
____________________ secretes proteins.
Rough ER:
Animal Cell
____________________: used for motility; structure present in some animal cells composed of a cluster of microtubules within an extension of the plasma membrane
Flagellum:
Animal Cell
_________________: region where the cell’s micro tubes are initiated; contains a pair of centrioles.
Centrosome:
Animal Cell
_____________________: projections that increase the cell’s surface area
Microvilli:
Animal Cell
_________________: organelles with various specialized metabolic functions; produce hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct then converts it to water. They contain enzymes.
Peroxisome:
Animal Cell
____________________ organelle where cellular respiration occurs most ATP is generated here.
Mitochondrion:
Animal Cell
_______________ the inner membrane of Mitochondrion
Cristae:
Animal Cell
___________________: outer membrane of Mitochondrion
Mitochondrion Matrix:
Animal Cell
_______________: digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed.
Lysosomes:
Animal Cell
____________________ organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products.
Golgi Apparatus:
Animal Cell
___________________ membrane enclosing the cell
Plasma Membrane:
Animal Cell
________________ nuclear envelope, Chromatin, nucleolus. Contains most genes.
Nucleus:
Animal Cell
_____________________ double membrane enclosing the nucleus, perforated pores; continuous with ER
Nuclear Envelope:
Animal Cell
_____________________ a net like structure that helps maintain the shape of the nucleus. Made of protein filaments.
Nuclear Lamina:
Animal Cell
_____________________ material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible in a dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes, structures that carry our genetic information.
Chromatin:
Animal Cell
__________________ no membranous structure involved in production of ribosomes and stores DNA and in here DNA is transcribed into RNA
Nucleolus:
Animal Cell
________________ made of Microtubules, Microfilaments, intermediate filaments. A network of fibers extending through the cytoplasm. It provides support for cell and maintains its shape. But it is also used for locomotion.
Cytoskeleton:
Animal Cell
___________________ cellular components that carry out protein synthesis. They are found throughout out cytosol and on Rough ER
Ribosomes:
Animal Cell
__________________ outer layer that maintains cell shape and protects cell; Made of cellulose and protein.
Cell Wall:
Animal Cell
________________ cytoplasmic channels through cell walls connects cells to adjacent cells.
Plasmodia:
Animal Cell
______________________ phosynthetic organelles coverts energy of sun to chemical energy.
Chloroplasts:
Animal Cell
____________________ flattened interconnected sacs in Chloroplasts.
Thylakoids:
Animal Cell
_________________: each stack of Thylakoids.
Granum:
Animal Cell
________________: the fluid outside the granum.
Stroma:
Animal Cell
_________________ plant organelles.
Plastids:
Animal Cell
________________: prominent organelle older plant cells. Stores and breaks down wastes. Hydrolysis macromolecules.
Central Vacuole
Animal Cell
___________________: the membranes of the cell. Nuclear envelope, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and vacuoles.
Endomembrane system:
Animal Cell
___________________: they transfer nutrient to and from membranes.
Vesicles:
Animal Cell
_________________________: proteins with carbohydrates bonded to them
Glycoproteins:
Animal Cell
________________________: eat by engulfing small food particles. Occurs in lysosomes.
Phagocytes:
Animal Cell
___________________: large vesicles used by the ER and Golgi apparatus.
Vacuoles:
Animal Cell
______________ used in Phagocytes.
Endosymbiont Theory:
Animal Cell
______________________ used for contracting water
Contractile Vacuoles:
Animal Cell
______________ used in plant cells, where cell growth occurs.
Central Vacuoles:
Animal Cell
__________________ states that at one type the Mitochondrion and Chloroplast were the same thing.
Endosymbiont Theory:
Animal Cell
____________________a region located near nucleus in which microtubule grow from
Centrosome:
Animal Cell
_________________ compose centrosomes. They are a 9 membered ring.
Centrioles:
Animal Cell
__________________ small and beating. Used for locomotion
Cilia:
Animal Cell
_______________ larger and whip like. Used for locomotion.
Flagella:
Animal Cell
_________________ the part of the cell which anchors cilia or flagella.
Basal Body:
Animal Cell
________________ an extracellular plant cell structure made of a primary cell wall and middle lamella cell wall and a secondary cell wall.
Cell Wall:
Animal Cell
_________________ this is made of biological organic molecules. It secretes glycoproteins and proteoglycgens. Supports adhesion, movement, and regulation.
Extra cellular matrix:
Animal Cell
________________ connect neighboring cells. Plants have plasmodia, and animal cells have tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions
Cell Junctions:
