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Biology 201-Cell Biology > Chapter 3 Part 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Animal Cell

The fundamental unit of life. There are many different type of cells working in our bodies right now each with a different function. It is the simplest collection of matter that can still be alive. All cells are related to their descent from earlier cells.

A

Cells:

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2
Q

Animal Cell

________________ the development of instruments that extend the human sense. The invention of these lead to the discovery of cells.

A

Microscopy:

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3
Q

Animal Cell

_______________ visible light is passed through the specimen and then through the glass lenses.

A

Light Microscope:

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4
Q

Animal Cell

• Three important parameters in microscopy:

A

Magnification, resolution, and contrast

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5
Q

Animal Cell

_____________ the ratio of an object’s image size to its real size

A

Magnification:

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6
Q

Animal Cell

____________ a measure of clarity of an image

A

Resolution:

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7
Q

Animal Cell

is the difference in brightness between the light and dark areas of an image.

A

Contrast:

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8
Q

Animal Cell

________________ the membrane enclosed structures within eukaryotic cells, such as the nucleus.

A

Organelles:

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9
Q

Animal Cell

______________________ focuses a beam of electrons onto the surface of something.

A

Electron Microscope:

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10
Q

Animal Cell

_____________________ is used for detailed studies of the topography of a specimen. It focuses a beam of electrons on a specimen’s surface so that the specimen appears 3D. Used to look at surfaces.

A

Scanning Electron Microscope:

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11
Q

Animal Cell

_____________________ is used to study the internal structure of a cell. It focuses a beam of electrons through a specific area of a specimen.

A

Transmission Electron Microscope:

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12
Q

Animal Cell

______________________ used in the study of the structure and function of cells. It takes apart and separates major organelles and other multicellular structures from one another. It centrifuges the cells, spins them in a tub at increasing speeds.

A

Cell Fractionation:

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13
Q

Animal Cell

___________________: the selectively permeable binding part of cell. Functions as a selective barrier that allows nutrients in and wastes out.

A

Plasma Membrane

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14
Q

Animal Cell

_________________________: the semifluid inside of the cell, in which all subcellular components are suspended.

A

Cytosol:

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15
Q

Animal Cell

_____________________: are contained in cells and they carry genes in the form of DNA

A

Chromosomes:

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16
Q

Animal Cell

___________________: tiny complexes that make proteins according to instruction from the genes.

A

Ribosomes:

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17
Q

Animal Cell

____________________: is small and not complex. It contains DNA in a non-membrane bound nucleoid.

A

Prokaryotic Cells:

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18
Q

Animal Cell

_______________________ complex and larger. It contains DNA is a membrane bound nucleolus and contains other membrane bound organelles.

A

Eukaryotic Cells:

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19
Q

Animal Cell

__________ the area between the nucleus and the cell membrane

A

Cytoplasm:

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20
Q

Animal Cell

_________________ composed of the Rough ER and
Smooth ER. It is a network of membranous sacs and tubes active in membrane synthesis and other synthetic and metabolic processes. The Rough ER is ribosome studded.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum:

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21
Q

Animal Cell

__________________ metabolic processes. Synthesis of lipids and other organic biological chemicals. Processes steroid and hormones.

A

Smooth ER:

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22
Q

Animal Cell

____________________ secretes proteins.

A

Rough ER:

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23
Q

Animal Cell

____________________: used for motility; structure present in some animal cells composed of a cluster of microtubules within an extension of the plasma membrane

A

Flagellum:

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24
Q

Animal Cell

_________________: region where the cell’s micro tubes are initiated; contains a pair of centrioles.

A

Centrosome:

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25
Q

Animal Cell

_____________________: projections that increase the cell’s surface area

A

Microvilli:

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26
Q

Animal Cell

_________________: organelles with various specialized metabolic functions; produce hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct then converts it to water. They contain enzymes.

A

Peroxisome:

27
Q

Animal Cell

____________________ organelle where cellular respiration occurs most ATP is generated here.

A

Mitochondrion:

28
Q

Animal Cell

_______________ the inner membrane of Mitochondrion

A

Cristae:

29
Q

Animal Cell

___________________: outer membrane of Mitochondrion

A

Mitochondrion Matrix:

30
Q

Animal Cell

_______________: digestive organelle where macromolecules are hydrolyzed.

A

Lysosomes:

31
Q

Animal Cell

____________________ organelle active in synthesis, modification, sorting, and secretion of cell products.

A

Golgi Apparatus:

32
Q

Animal Cell

___________________ membrane enclosing the cell

A

Plasma Membrane:

33
Q

Animal Cell

________________ nuclear envelope, Chromatin, nucleolus. Contains most genes.

A

Nucleus:

34
Q

Animal Cell

_____________________ double membrane enclosing the nucleus, perforated pores; continuous with ER

A

Nuclear Envelope:

35
Q

Animal Cell

_____________________ a net like structure that helps maintain the shape of the nucleus. Made of protein filaments.

A

Nuclear Lamina:

36
Q

Animal Cell

_____________________ material consisting of DNA and proteins; visible in a dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes, structures that carry our genetic information.

A

Chromatin:

37
Q

Animal Cell

__________________ no membranous structure involved in production of ribosomes and stores DNA and in here DNA is transcribed into RNA

A

Nucleolus:

38
Q

Animal Cell

________________ made of Microtubules, Microfilaments, intermediate filaments. A network of fibers extending through the cytoplasm. It provides support for cell and maintains its shape. But it is also used for locomotion.

A

Cytoskeleton:

39
Q

Animal Cell

___________________ cellular components that carry out protein synthesis. They are found throughout out cytosol and on Rough ER

A

Ribosomes:

40
Q

Animal Cell

__________________ outer layer that maintains cell shape and protects cell; Made of cellulose and protein.

A

Cell Wall:

41
Q

Animal Cell

________________ cytoplasmic channels through cell walls connects cells to adjacent cells.

A

Plasmodia:

42
Q

Animal Cell

______________________ phosynthetic organelles coverts energy of sun to chemical energy.

A

Chloroplasts:

43
Q

Animal Cell

____________________ flattened interconnected sacs in Chloroplasts.

A

Thylakoids:

44
Q

Animal Cell

_________________: each stack of Thylakoids.

A

Granum:

45
Q

Animal Cell

________________: the fluid outside the granum.

A

Stroma:

46
Q

Animal Cell

_________________ plant organelles.

A

Plastids:

47
Q

Animal Cell

________________: prominent organelle older plant cells. Stores and breaks down wastes. Hydrolysis macromolecules.

A

Central Vacuole

48
Q

Animal Cell

___________________: the membranes of the cell. Nuclear envelope, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and vacuoles.

A

Endomembrane system:

49
Q

Animal Cell

___________________: they transfer nutrient to and from membranes.

A

Vesicles:

50
Q

Animal Cell

_________________________: proteins with carbohydrates bonded to them

A

Glycoproteins:

51
Q

Animal Cell

________________________: eat by engulfing small food particles. Occurs in lysosomes.

A

Phagocytes:

52
Q

Animal Cell

___________________: large vesicles used by the ER and Golgi apparatus.

A

Vacuoles:

53
Q

Animal Cell

______________ used in Phagocytes.

A

Endosymbiont Theory:

54
Q

Animal Cell

______________________ used for contracting water

A

Contractile Vacuoles:

55
Q

Animal Cell

______________ used in plant cells, where cell growth occurs.

A

Central Vacuoles:

56
Q

Animal Cell

__________________ states that at one type the Mitochondrion and Chloroplast were the same thing.

A

Endosymbiont Theory:

57
Q

Animal Cell

____________________a region located near nucleus in which microtubule grow from

A

Centrosome:

58
Q

Animal Cell

_________________ compose centrosomes. They are a 9 membered ring.

A

Centrioles:

59
Q

Animal Cell

__________________ small and beating. Used for locomotion

A

Cilia:

60
Q

Animal Cell

_______________ larger and whip like. Used for locomotion.

A

Flagella:

61
Q

Animal Cell

_________________ the part of the cell which anchors cilia or flagella.

A

Basal Body:

62
Q

Animal Cell

________________ an extracellular plant cell structure made of a primary cell wall and middle lamella cell wall and a secondary cell wall.

A

Cell Wall:

63
Q

Animal Cell

_________________ this is made of biological organic molecules. It secretes glycoproteins and proteoglycgens. Supports adhesion, movement, and regulation.

A

Extra cellular matrix:

64
Q

Animal Cell

________________ connect neighboring cells. Plants have plasmodia, and animal cells have tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions

A

Cell Junctions:

Biology 201-Cell Biology (27 decks)

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