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Biology 201-Cell Biology > Chapter 1-Personal Outline > Flashcards

Chapter 1-Personal Outline Flashcards

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1
Q

______________: is the process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today

A

Evolution

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2
Q

__________: the scientific study of life

A

Biology

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3
Q

What are the seven characteristics of life:

A
  • order
  • energy processing
  • growth and development
  • regulation
  • Evolutionary Adaptation
  • reproduction
  • responce to environment
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4
Q

____________: all of life is organized and structured

A

Order

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5
Q

__________: all forms of life have the ability to process energy and obtain nutrients and fuel from chemical energy.

A

Energy Processing

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6
Q

__________________: inherited genetic information controls the growth and development of all organisms

A

Growth and Development

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7
Q

__________________: all forms of life contain internal mechanisms that adjust an organism to compensate for changing environmental conditions

A

Regulation

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8
Q

_____________________: populations of organisms are able to adapt to environmental conditions and as a result change permanently.

A

Evolutionary Adaptations

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9
Q

__________________: Each type of organism is able to reproduce its own kind

A

Reproduction

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10
Q

___________________: Living organisms are able to respond to stimuli in their environment.

A

responce to enviroment

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11
Q

There are 5 touchstone themes in Biology:

A

Organization, Information, Energy and Matter, Interactions, and Evolution

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12
Q

Biology is Organized into 10 (9 according to book) Biological Levels:

A
  • Atomic Level
  • Molecular Level
  • Organelle Level
  • Cellular Level
  • Tissue Level
  • Organ Level/ Organ System Level
  • Organismal Level
  • Population Level
  • Community Level
  • Ecosystem Level
  • Biosphere Level
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13
Q

atoms are the smallest unit of matter ex: hydrogen

A

atomic level

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14
Q

molecules are more than one atom bound together ex: protein, lipids

A

molecular level

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15
Q

“little organ” the various functional components present in a cell ex: chloroplasts

A

organelle level

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16
Q

cells are the smallest unit of life that contains all the properties of life

A

cellular level

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17
Q

is a group of cells working together to perform a specialized function.

A

tissue level

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18
Q

_____________ a group of tissues working together to perform a particular function. __________ are multiple organs working together to perform complex tasks.

A

Organ level

Organ Systems

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19
Q

a single living being

A

organismal level

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20
Q

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.

A

population level

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21
Q

multiple populations of different organisms living in the same area.

A

Community Level:

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22
Q

all organisms and non-living matter in a given area ex: a continent.

A

ecosystem Level:

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23
Q

all ecosystems combined, generally speaking planet earth.

A

The Biosphere:

24
Q

are due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases

A

Emergent Properties:

25
Q

the exploration of biological systems by analyzing the interactions among its parts. It examines and models the dynamic behaviors of an integrated network of components in a single living organism.

A

systems biology

26
Q

large and complex, contains membrane, enclosed organelles, most notably it contains a nucleus.

A

Eukaryotic Cells:

27
Q

small and simple, do not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.

A

Prokaryotic Cells:

28
Q

chromosomes carry this genetic material. A nucleic acid molecule that is usually double stranded helix each polynucleotide strand consist of nucleotide monomers

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid):

29
Q

a unit of hereditary information, consisting of specific nucleotide sequence in DNA and RNA

A

Genes

30
Q

DNA structure accounts for its ability to store genetic information; it is a ____________ and each chain is made of 4 nucleotides.

A

Double Helix Strand

31
Q

the entire process by which the information in a gene directs the manufacture of a cellular product.

A

gene expression

32
Q

the entire library of genetic information that an organism inherits

A

genome

33
Q

the study of sets of genes in one or more species in order to discover there properties

A

Genomics:

34
Q

the study of sets of proteins in one or more species in order to discover their properties

A

Proteomics:

35
Q

the use of tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data.

A

Bioinformatics:

36
Q

organism, such as animals, that feed on producers and other consumers.

A

Consumers:

37
Q

organism that pass along chemical energy. They are commonly, plants and other photosynthetic organisms.

A

produces

38
Q

There are two types of ____________, the output or product of a process that regulates homeostasis

A

feedback regulation

39
Q

a loop in which the response reduces the original stimulus

A

Negative Feedback:

40
Q

in which the end product speeds up its own production

A

Positive Feedback:

41
Q

the branch of Biology that names and classifies species into a Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genes Species.

A

Taxonomy:

42
Q

•There are 3 domains of life ______________________

_____________ contain prokaryotic cells
_________ contains eukaryotic cells.

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Bacteria and Archaea
Eukarya

43
Q

the father of evolution, he published his book the origin of species, he developed his theory while on the Galapagos Islands. His ideas are often expressed in an evolutionary tree or tree of life.

A

Charles Darwin:

44
Q

Darwin’s title for the mechanism of evolutionary adaptation because the environment selects for certain traits.

A

Natural Selection:

45
Q

a way of knowing

A

Science:

46
Q

a search for information and explanations of natural phenomena.

A

Inquiry:

47
Q

recorded information

A

data

48
Q

a generalization that is summarized from a large number of scientific observations (discovery science)

A

inductive reasoning

49
Q

uses general premises to extrapolate results (hypothesis science) uses scientific method

A

Deductive reasoning

50
Q

a tentative answer to a well-framed question, an explanation that is ready for trial

A

hypothesis

51
Q

Steps of the scientific method

A

: 1. Observation 2. Question 3. Hypothesis 4. Prediction 5. Test

52
Q

is an in-depth examination of an actual investigation

A

case study

53
Q

is a much broader in scope than hypothesis. A widely accepted explanation that a large body of evidence supports.

A

Theory

54
Q

the factor manipulated by experiment

A

Independent Variable

55
Q

the factor that is measured by the experiment

A

Dependent Variable

56
Q

The goal of science is

A

to understand natural phenomena, which the goal of Technology is to apply scientific knowledge for some specific purpose

Biology 201-Cell Biology (27 decks)

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