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Biology 201-Cell Biology > Chapter 2-Personal Outline > Flashcards

Chapter 2-Personal Outline Flashcards

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1
Q

_____________: anything that takes up space and has mass (everything is made of this)

A

Matter:

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2
Q

________________: all matter is made up of these; a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substance. Today chemists had identify 92 naturally occurring elements

A

Elements:

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3
Q

_________________: a substance consisting of 2 or more elements that combine at a specific ratio

A

Compound:

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4
Q

______________: the 25 elements necessary for human life

A

Essential Elements:

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5
Q

____________: Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen make up about 96% of matter

A

4 main elements:

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6
Q

_____________; are required for organismal life, but only in minuet quantities

A

Trace Elements:

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7
Q

______________: the smallest stable form of matter that still retains all the properties of an element

A

Atoms:

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8
Q

_________________: protons, neutron, electrons

A

Subatomic Particles:

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9
Q

_______________: Positive charge, has mass

A

Protons:

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10
Q

_______________: Negative charge, does NOT have mass

A

Nuetrons:

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11
Q

_______________: Electrically neutral, has mass (1.7x10^-24

A

Neutron:

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12
Q

__________________: dense center, where the protons and neutrons are tightly packaged

A

Atomic Nucleus:

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13
Q

________________: the rings in which electrons reside and orbit around the nucleus. Contain different energy levels. The S, P, and D orbitals.

A

Electron Shells:

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14
Q

________________: the subatomic unit of measure also known as the atomic mass unit (AMU)

A

Dalton:

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15
Q

______________: the number of protons

A

Atomic Number:

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16
Q

______________: the sum of protons and neutrons

A

Mass Number:

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17
Q

____________: an approximation of the total mass of an atom usually similar to the mass number but it is measured in Daltons or AMU

A

Atomic Mass:

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18
Q

____________: different forms of the same element. Generally, have the same protons put different number of neutrons

A

Isotopes:

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19
Q

_______________: an isotope in which the nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy; when radioactive decay gives off protons it may change the element.

A

Radioactive Isotope:

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20
Q

________________: used as diagnostic tools, they can track atoms during metabolism

A

Radioactive Tracers:

21
Q

___________________: the time it takes for 50% of a radioactive isotope to decay

A

Isotopic Half-life:

22
Q

__________________: scientists measure the ratio of different isotopes and calculate how many half lives have passed since an organism was fossilized or the rock was formed

A

Radiometric Dating:

23
Q

___________: the capacity to cause change or do work

A

Energy:

24
Q

__________: the energy matter possesses within its structure

A

Potential Energy:

25
Q

_______________: energy in motion

A

Kinetic Energy:

26
Q

The chemical behavior of atoms is determined by the ____________________

A

electron configuration

27
Q

______________: the outermost electrons that have the most energy and reside in the valance shell

A

Valence Electrons:

28
Q

________________: the 3D structure in which atoms are found

A

Orbital:

29
Q

_________________: an interaction between atoms that usually results atoms staying close together, held by attractions called

A

Chemical Bonds:

30
Q

_________________: occur between a metal and a nonmetal; the transfer of electrons from one atom to another. Can occur between any elements with opposing charges

A

Ionic Bonds:

31
Q

_________________: occur between two nonmetals; the sharing of a pair of valance electrons by two atoms ex: a hydrogen bond

A

Covalent Bonds:

32
Q

_______________: two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

A

Molecule:

33
Q

________________: simply indicates the number and type of each atom

A

Molecular Formula:

34
Q

________________: tells the number and type of atom as well as the type of bond

A

Structural Formula:

35
Q

_________________: represented by a single line

A

Single Bond:

36
Q

__________________: represented by two lines

A

Double Bond

37
Q

__________________: refers to an atoms bond capacity; usually refers to the number of unpaired electrons required to complete the atoms outermost electron shell

A

Valence

38
Q

________________: the attraction of a particular atoms for the electrons of a covalent bond is called its electronegativity

A

Electronegativity:

39
Q

__________________: covalent bonds between two of the same atom in which the electrons are shared equally because they have the same electronegativity.

A

Nonpolar covalent bonds:

40
Q

________________:the two oppositely charged atoms

A

Ions:

41
Q

______________: The positively charged ion

A

Cation:

42
Q

____________: the negatively charged ion

A

Anion:

43
Q

_________________: products or compounds made of ionic bonds

A

Ionic Compound or Salts:

44
Q

_________________: the attraction between a hydrogen and an electronegative atom

A

Hydrogen Bond:

45
Q

_________________: Weak interactions between molecules or parts of molecules that result from transient local partial charges

A

Van de Waals interactions:

46
Q

____________________: the making and breaking of chemical bonds leading to changes in the composition of matter

A

Chemical Reactions:

47
Q

_________________: the starting materials in a chemical reaction
o

A

Reactants

48
Q

_______________: the end materials in a chemical reaction

A

Products

49
Q

__________________: the point at which the reactions offset one another occurs when the forward and reverse reactions rates are equal

A

Chemical Equilibrium:

Biology 201-Cell Biology (27 decks)

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