Chapter 9: Normal Anatomy of the Female Pelvis Flashcards
Aka vesicouterine recess. Potential space between uterus and urinary bladder
Anterior cul-de-sac
On the opposite side
Contralateral
Fibrous tissue that replaces the corpus luteum
Corpora albicantia
Aka greater or major pelvis. Area superior to and anterior to the pelvic brim
False pelvis
Hormone that stimulates growth and maturation of the ovarian Graafian follicle. The anterior pituitary gland secretes the hormone.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Degeneration and reabsorption of the follicle before maturity
Follicular atresia
Latin anatomical term referring to the portion of an organ opposite from its opening
Fundus
Aka pelvic brim or linea terminalis. Inner surface of the pubic and ilium bones contains a bony ridge that serves as the line dividing the true and false pelvis.
Iliopectineal line
Increase in size
Hypertrophy
On the same side
Ipsilateral
Aka innominate line. Line drawn from the pubic crest to the arcuate line dividing the true and false pelvis
Linea terminalis
At right angles (perpendicular)
Orthogonal
Aka posterior cul-de-sac or the rectouterine recess. Potential space between the rectum and uterus.
Pouch of Douglas
Serous membrane enclosing an organ that often excretes lubricating serous fluid
Serosa
Aka properitoneal space. Space between pubic symphysis and urinary bladder
Space of Retzius
Aka lesser or minor pelvis. Portion of the pelvic cavity inferior and posterior to the pelvic brim
True pelvis
Combination of the psoas major, psoas minor, and iliacus muscles
Iliopsoas muscle
Choose the sonography method that uses higher frequency transducers and markedly increases resolution of most pelvic structures.
A. Evs
B. Complimentary
C. TAS general abdomen, obstetric, and gynecological
D. TAS deep abdomen, obstetric, and gynecologic
A
Choose the normal anatomic structure that EV imaging can easily identify:
A. Vaginal fornices
B. Sigmoid
C. Ovaries
D. Uterine serosa
C
What bones comprise the pelvic skeleton?
Sacrum, ischium, coccyx, ilium
The rectus muscle is seen mostly in the lower abdomen in a(n):
Ovoid shape
The cross-sectional shape of the illiopsoas muscle appears on ultrasound as:
Hook with bulbous medial limb
The space of Retzius (preperitoneal space) is located:
Between the urinary bladder and symphysis pubis
It is not uncommon to see anterior artifact echoes in the urinary bladder. They are:
Wall reverberation
On sonograms, the muscular walls of the vagina produce a moderately ______ pattern typical of smooth muscle.
Hypoechoic
Which of the following describes the uterine segments?
A. Fundus, corpus, cervix, and vagina
B. Corpus, isthmus, cervix, and vagina
C. Fundus, corpus, isthmus, and cervix
D. Fundus, interstitial, isthmus, and corpus
C
What is the largest portion of the uterus?
Fundus
The uterine layer not seen with ultrasound is:
Serosal (perimetrium)
A uterus in the female infant would:
Appear cylindrical
Cysts of the cervix are caused by occluded cervical glands and known as:
Nabothian cysts
The length of the adult nulliparous uterus is approximately:
8 cm
On ultrasound, the cervix visualizes as a cylinder-like structure measuring from:
2.5 to 3.5 cm in length and 2.5 cm in width
Mittelschmerz is:
Mid cycle pain often associated with ovulation
One branch of the internal iliac artery is of importance to sonographers because it is accessible to Doppler evaluation using an endovaginal approach. It is the:
Uterine artery
Venous congestion appears as:
Pelvic varices
Echogenic ovarian foci may indicate the presence of all except:
A. Simple cysts
B. Malignancies
C. Endometriosis
D, resolving hemorrhagic cyst
A
Fat or smooth muscles are more ____ than skeletal muscles.
Echogenic
The pelvic organs are the _______, the _________ and _______, the _______, ________, and ______, the ______, and the ______ and _______.
External genitalia
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Vagina
Ovaries
Colon
Rectum
False pelvis anatomy includes _____ and _______.
Ileum
Sigmoid colon
Three functions of the female bony pelvis are:
Weight bearing bridge between spine and lower limbs
Directs pathway of fetal head during childbirth
Protects reproductive and other organs
The urinary bladder lies between the ______ and ____[[
Symphysis pubis and vagina
The urinary bladder is composed of _____ layers.
Three
Only ______ of the many thousands of follicles that persist into adult life will actually progress through development and ovulation.
300-400
A partially filled bladder demonstrates its walls as ______, whereas a distended bladder demonstrates _______ walls.
Echogenic
Hypoechoic
_______ can be seen with color Doppler or high gain in gray-scale imaging when the ureteral valve opens with a bolus of urine to the bladder.
Ureteral jets
Bowel may be mistaken for a pelvic _____.
Mass
______ and ______ make up the external genitalia.
Opening of vagina
Urethra
Sonography also allows imaging of the female ______, ______, and urethra via transperineal ultrasound.
Pelvic floor
Lower pelvis
The posterior wall of the vagina is _____ than the anterior wall. The superior end of the vagina attaches to the _____.
Longer
Cervix
The ______ is divided into sections called intramural, isthmic, and ampullary.
Fallopian tube
The ultrasound imaging method of choice for ovarian assessment is ______.
Endovaginal
Echogenic ovarian foci (EOF), with or without shadowing, noted on an ovary may indicate the presence of ______.
Malignancies
The potential space between the rectum and uterus is _______.
Rectouterine pouch
The endometrium is a specialized mucosa that varies in _______, ______, and composition through the menstrual cycle.
Echogenicity
Thickness
A technique that aids in locating the fallopian tube is ______.
Distending with fluid
On both trans abdominal and endovaginal ultrasound, the ovary may be identified by its characteristic “Swiss cheese” pattern of _____ follicles against the low-amplitude gray of the ovarian cortex.
Anechoic
