Chapter 15: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and Endometriosis Flashcards
presence of endometrial glands and tissue found in the uterine wall
adenomyosis
painful menstruation
dysmennorhea
painful intercourse
dyspareunia
implants of endometrial tissue outside the uterus
endometriosis
blood-filled cyst located on the ovary, which is the result of endometriosis
endometrioma
Bacterial infection of the endometrium with potential extension into the surrounding (parametrial) tissues
endometritis
Rare complication of PID resulting in the development of liver adhesions owing to the inflammatory exudates
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
myometrial inflammation
myometritis
infection of the ovaries
oophoritis
infection of the connective tissue surrounding the uterus
parametritis
infection of the female reproductive tract
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
pus within the fallopian tube
pyosalpinx
infection of the fallopian tube
salpingitis
infection found in the late stages of PID resulting in the inability to differentiate between tubal and ovarian structures
tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA)
infection of the peritoneum
peritonitis
Pelvic inflammatory disease is:
infection of the female genital tract causing diffuse inflammation
One incident of PID can increase the risk of tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy:
six times
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common infection of the _____ in reproductive-age women.
lower genital tract
Early sonographic findings of pelvic inflammatory disease are:
often nonspecific
A normal fallopian tube:
is not visualized with ultrasound
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is caused by peritonitis and includes what organ?
liver
Acute PID sonographic findings are all except:
a. edematous fallopian tube wall, large amount of pelvic free fluid
b. enlarged ovaries
c. purulent exudate escaping the tube
d. sharp uterine borders
d
When seen in cross-section, a hydrosalpinx may exhibit is
the “beads on a string” sign
Define tubo-ovarian complex:
refers to the affected ovary and tube that are adheret to one another, but their individual architecture is still identifiable on ultrasound
Chronic progression of endometriosis can lead to all but the following:
a, severe cyclic pain
b. infertility
c. simple cysts
d. endometrial invasion of organs
c
Endometriosis is known to affect:
reproductive-age females
Endometriosis _____ transforms into malignancy.
rarely
Introduction of an IUD may elevate the risk for PID following insertion for:
up to 3 weeks
Endometriomas appear sonographically thick-walled, spherical masses, and frequently (95% of the time) displaying:
low-level internal echoes (“ground-glass” appearance)
Hydrosalpinx develops when:
fluid accumulates within a scarred, obstructed fallopian tube
Sonographic findings for adenomyosis are all except:
a. an asymmetrically enlarged uterus
b. heterogeneous myometrial echotexture
c. peripheral uterine calcific deposits
d. myometrial cysts
c
Endometriomas image as:
anechoic
Choose the correct statement regarding pelvic inflammatory disease.
a. Early stages demonstrate a variable appearance and an enlarged uterus with indistinct margins
b. salpingitis displaying thin walled tubes with pyosalpinx
c. normal ovarian dimensions with ill-defined tissue planes
d. No pelvic free fluid will be seen
a
The most effective treatment for patients suffering from severe endometriosis who do not respond to conservative surgical management and medical therapies is:
oophorectomy and hormonal medical management
Endometriosis can implant in all areas except the:
a. ovary
b. groin
c. posterior cul-de-sac
d. pelvic lymph nodes
d
The most likely area for PID to develop is ______, also known as ______.
oviducts or fallopian tubes
salpingitis
The three major sequelae of PID are ______, ______, and ______.
chronic pelvic pain
ectopic pregnancy
infertility
A fallopian tube affected with PID demonstrates a _____ sign when imaged in cross-section.
cogwheel
Clinical findings that include right-sided pleuritic pain and right-sided upper quadrant pain and tenderness on palpitation related to PID is called ______.
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
PID of the uterine myometrial endometrial junction appears ______, and the endometrium may be thickened and heterogeneous and contain ______ within the cavity.
Blurred
Fluid
Escape of purulent exudate beyond the fallopian tube results in ______ complex.
Turbo-Ovarian
The presence of endometrial glands and tissues in the uterine wall is ______.
Endometriosis
Endometriosis nodules may vary from _____ echoic to ____ echoic in appearance and may be either ______ in the case of recent hemorrhage or ______ secondary to fibrosis.
Hypo
Hyper
Cystic
Nodular
Focal ovarian endometriosis appears on ultrasound examination as cystic structures called ______.
Endometriomas
Endometriosis can be focal or _____.
Diffuse
The sonographic appearance of adenymyosis lacks a discrete ______ within the myometrium.
Junctional zone
Adenomyosis is generally treated _____.
Surgically
_______ may be difficult to differentiate from an ovarian cyst or small cystadenoma.
Endometrioma
______ is infection of the ovary (ies).
Oophoritis
A round mass like calcific structure with edge shadowing and peripheral vascularization is a ______.
Leiomyomata
An endometrioma associated with urinary bladder causes _____ symptoms.
Dysuria
A highly sensitive and specific imaging method for diagnosing adenomyosis is _______.
Endovaginal ultrasound
An elevated white blood count, vaginal secretions, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein is an indication of _______.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
If color Doppler flow is visualized within an endometrioma, ______ must be suspected.
Malignancy
Adenomyosis usually affects the ______ portion of the uterus.
Myometrial
