Chapter 3: Principles of Scanning Technique in Gynecologic Ultrasound Flashcards
area around an organ
adnexa
fluid within the abdominal or pelvic cavity
ascites
inside a cavity such as the abdomen or pelvis
endocavity
electronic database containing all the patient information
electronic medical record (EMR)
Biophysical results of the interaction of sound waves and tissue
bioeffects
nonpregnant
nongravid
paper-based or computerized system designed to manage hospital data, such as billing and patient records
hospital information system
position of the patient with the feet in stirrups often used during delivery
lithotomy position
image through the abdomen
transabdominal
top portion of the uterus
fundus
around the vessels
perivascular
database that stores radiologic images
picture archiving and communications systems
within the vagina
transvaginal/endovaginal
list of images required for a complete examination
scanning protocol
electronic list of patients entered into a modality, such as ultrasound, which helps reduce data entry errors
modality worklist
area of the transducer that comes in contact with the patient and emits ultrasound
transducer footprint
physical or electronic system designed to manage radiology data, such as billing, reports, and images
radiology information system
What hospital electronic system would a sonographer use to locate a list of patients on the ultrasound machine?
MWL
Necessary clinical information for a pelvic sonographic examination include:
parity, gravidity, symptoms, pelvic history to include pelvic procedures, surgical history
Parity is:
the number of pregnancies a patient has carried to term
A G4P3A1T3 female is explained as having:
four total pregnancies, three full-term pregnancies, and one abortion
Every sonographer should be familiar with ultraound-related organizations and suggested scanning protocols for their profession. Choose the group that will not provide reliable pelvic sonographic scanning information.
a. AIUM
b. ACR
c. SDMS
d. APR
d
An adequately filled bladder usually extends ____ the fundus of a nongravid uterus.
slightly beyong
An adequately filled bladder usually extends ____ the fundus of a nongravid uterus.
slightly beyond
Select the correct optimization technique:
a. angle the sonographic beam parallel to the structure of interest
b. Use a lower-frequency transducer for penetration
c. Set focal zones 1 cm inferior to the structure of interest
d. choose a low-frequency transducer for superficial structures
a
If a premenopausal female should prepare for a gynecologic ultrasound by drinking 32 ounces of water 1 hour before the examination, what preparation would be suggested for a 70 year old with vaginal bleeding and incontinence?
25 ounces
a 2.5-MHz transducer is usually required to produce a diagnostic image on ____ patient
a large habitus
Endovaginal optimal focal range is from”
2 to 7 cm
An optimal endovaginal image with the finest resolution possible can be created by:
decreasing sector size
Endovaginal transducers cannot be inserted past the area of the:
vaginal fornices
Endovaginal ultrasound may not produce a diagnostic image in a patient:
with an enlarged leiomyomatous uterus
Select the incorrect statement.
Transperineal scanning:
a. is a safe option to replace endovaginal imaging in the case of pregnancy with ruptured membranes
b. images inferior to bowel gas, therefore avoiding obstructive shadows
c. may be performed if a patient declines endovaginal scanning
d. is performed between the labia on the perineum
b
Prior to an endovaginal ultrasound, the transducer should be lubricated. Which lubricant is best for a patient being treated for infertility?
saline
The sonographer can adjust power levels and scan efficiently to minimize patient exposure levels. This is known as:
ALARA
An ultrasound measurement of tissue stiffness is known as:
sonoelastography
Individuals choosing sonography as a profession should become certified. The gold standard certifying body is:
ARDMS
Sonohysterography images may demonstrate all except:
a. patent fallopian tubes
b. microbubbles within the uterine cavity
c. endometrial polyps
d. pelvic endometriosis
d
Mechanical acquisition volume transducers providing sequential still images use ____ planes.
3
Prior to starting a patient sonographic examination, the sonographer should use ____ facility-accepted identifiers to confirm the patient’s identification
two
Optimization of an examination reduces cost and adheres to the ______ principle in reducing exposure to ultrasound energy and decreases patient discomfort.
ALARA
A full bladder is necessary for a
transabdominal exam
An empty bladder is necessary for an
endovaginal exam
A ______ requires a sonographer to place their hand on a patient’s pelvic area while applying pressure in the region of the area of interest.
bimanual maneuver
______ refers to the number of previous pregnancies and includes the current gestation.
gravidity
Parity of 3 (P3) refers to the number of pregnancies a woman has carried to _____/
term
______ the transvaginal/endovaginal transducer prior to insertion to decrease patient discomfort.
Lubricate
The best resolution occurs within the ____ zone of the transducer.
focal
Base your transducer choice on patient _______ and examination objectives/
body habitus
______ array transducers combine the wider field of view of sector transducers with greater near-field visualization and increased linear measurement accuracy.
curved linear
If endovaginal scanning is contraindicated, the _____ approach may enable the sonographer to obtain images of the _____ and lower uterine segment.
cervix
Transvaginal/endovaginal ultrasound can assist in determining early detection of ______ pregnancy, diagnosis of placenta _____, and determination of fetal _____ rate and viability.
intrauterine
previa
heart
Imaging with 2D, color, and spectral Doppler is called _____ imaging.
triplex
Positioning the patient in a left or right ______ position may be helpful in the case of a less than optimally filled bladder when examining the female pelvis.
oblique
A ____- degree counterclockwise rotation of the transducer allows for imaging in transverse or oblique transverse planes
90
A hysterosalpingogram uses ____ as a contrast agent.
saline
When imaging a solid ovarian mass, careful examination of the liver edge, flanks for _____, cul-de-sac, and ______ pouch is necessary.
ascites
Morison
______- filled structures enhance the transmission of sound.
fluid
Ovarian size may be determined by measuring the ovary in ___ dimensions on views obtained in ____ orthogonal planes with calculation of the ovarian volume if necessary
3
2
scanning directions
top: anterior
bottom: posterior
left
right
