Chapter 6: embryonic development of the female genital system Flashcards
Large, sometimes tortuous ureter because of distal blockage
Hydroureter
Second stage of kidney development (aka wolffian body)
Mesonephros (wolffian ducts)
Connection between the mesonephros and the cloaca
Mesonephric ducts
Structure that appears at approximately 5 weeks gestation that becomes either ovaries or testes
Gonadal ridges
Blockage or absence of a structure
Atretic
Immature oocytes
Oogonia
Pertaining to the urinary and genital system
Urogenital
Sac-like vascular structure that lies below the chorion and develops from the hindgut
Allantois
Accumulation of secreted fluid resulting in distension of the uterus and vagina because of obstruction
Hydrometrocolpos
Fold of peritoneum that connects the uterus to the pelvis
Broad ligament
Cavity that is part of the development of the digestive and reproductive organs
Cloaca
Paired ducts that become the Oviducts, uterus, cervix, and upper vagina
Müllerian ducts (paramesonephric ducts)
Section of the uterine broad ligament that covers the ovary
Mesovarium
Formation of an embryo
Embryogenesis
Primary or first kidney that develops in the embryo
Pronephros
Precursor of germ cells, become oocytes or spermatozoa in the adult
Primordial germ cells
Urine collection in the kidneys because of distal obstruction
Hydronephrosis
Female germ cells
Oocytes
Normal number of paired chromosomes
Diploid
A method used to classify the embryo, placing the embryo into categories depending on age, size, and morphologic characteristics, is called
Carnegie staging
Fetal period genitourinary anomalies include all except:
A. Ureter agenesis
B. Hydrometrocolpos
C. Pre-embryonic fusion
D. Obstructive uropathy
C
Cloacal anomalies can result in:
Hydrometrocolpos
An ultrasound examination of a patient with hemtocolpos should include imaging of the:
Kidneys
The most common mass lesions in neonates are of:
Renal origin
Often development abnormalities in the female pelvis become apparent:
At the onset of puberty
The pre-embryonic phase, also known as the first Carnegie stage, lasts into the:
Third week
If the male gamete (the spermatozoon), which is capable of contributing either an X or Y chromosome, contributes an X chromosome to the ovum, the result is:
A female zygote
Precursors to the female ovaries and to the male testes:
Are gonadal ridges
Diploid chromosomes are a result of fertilization and result in a count of:
46 chromosomes
What cells produce a gender appearance?
Primordial germ cells
At birth, there are approximately _____ oogonia in the female newborn.
1 million
The vaginal cornices surround the end of the:
Cervix
Which would be an inaccurate diagnosis for the finding of a hypoechoic structure in the fetal pelvis?
A. Ovarian cyst
B. Hemtocolpos
C. Hemangioma
D. Distended bladder
C
Gender (sex) is determined at approximately _____ days.
44 to 49
Müllerian ducts fuse to develop the uterus and:
Fallopian tubes
The normal male chromosomal configuration is:
46XY
What hormone is absent in the female fetus that causes regression of the mesonephric ducts?
Male inducer substance
What systems develop in tandem in the embryo and are still closely associated in the adult?
Reproductive and urinary
Hydronephrosis and hydroureter can display as a mass in the fetal:
Pelvis
In the first few months of early development, the ______ are undifferentiated
Genitalia
External development of genitalia is similar in both sexes until approximately the ____ week
9th
The promoting factor in the development of female external genitalia is maternal ______.
Estrogen
Bartholin and Skene glands, the clitoris, _____ minora and ______, vestibule, vagina, and mons ______ make up the external genitalia
Labor
Majors
Pubis
The _____ becomes the genital tubercle in both genders.
Primordial phallus
Gonadal gender can be determined in the ____ embryo at approximately the ____ day of gestation, which correlates with Carnegie stage 18.
Male
44th
Carnegie stage 20 correlates to day 49 for gonadal gender in the _____ embryo.
Female
The first-stage kidney known as ______ forms during the fifth week, and second-stage kidney known as ______ form in the sixth week.
Pronephros
Mesonephros
Müllerian ducts fuse to develop the normal ______, also giving rise to the ________.
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
The _______ and _______ systems develop simultaneously, resulting in coexisting malformations.
Reproductive
Urinary
Determination of chromosomal gender or sex occurs at the time of ______.
Fertilization
Vaginal formation occurs through development of the _____ sinus and the primitive _____.
Urogenital
Cloaca
The ovary is suspended by the ______, the ______ ligament of the ovary, and the ______ ligament.
Mesovarium
Proper
Suspensory
Most congenital anomalies in fetuses in utero occur in the genitourinary system, with urinary tract abnormalities accounting for about _____ of the total.
50%
The female gamete, known as the ovum, contributes to the ____ chromosome.
X
Embryogenesis is formation of an _____.
Embryo
Between puberty and menopause, approximately ____ to ______ fertile ova are produced
300
400
If an abnormal fluid collection is suspected in utero in the midline female pelvis, _____ outflow may be obstructed.
Vaginal
A female gonad is a(n) _____.
Ovary
Prenatal ultrasound may also detect congenital anomalies in the ovaries, uterus, and vagina, especially when they enlarge and produce a pelvic ____.
Mass
Four ligaments of the female pelvis
Broad ligament
Inguinal ligament
Suspensory ligament
Proper ligament
Fold of peritoneum that connects uterus to pelvis
Broad ligament
Set of two bands that connect the oblique muscles of the abdomen to the pelvis.
Inguinal ligament
Band of connective tissue that lies between two layers of broad ligament
Proper ligament of ovary
Triangular fold of peritoneum that actually forms the upper lateral corner of the broad ligament
Suspensory ligament
