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OBGYN 1 > Chapter 13: Malignant Disease of the Uterus and Cervix > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Malignant Disease of the Uterus and Cervix Flashcards

1
Q

Malignant tumor arising from any glandular organ

A

adenocarcinoma

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2
Q

Naturally occurring steroid hormone, accessible as a dietary supplement, and believed to increase serum testosterone levels

A

androstenedione

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3
Q

Any substance that blocks or modifies the action of estrogen

A

antiestrogen

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4
Q

prevents the development, growth, or proliferation of malignant cells

A

antineoplastic

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5
Q

procedure that involves placing radioactive inside the body to treat cancer

A

brachytherapy

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6
Q

narrowing or obstruction of the cervical canal caused by an acquired condition

A

cervical stenosis

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7
Q

metatastic type of persistent trophoblastic neoplasia that can result from any type of pregnancy, but most often occurs with a molar pregnancy

A

choriocarcinoma

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8
Q

malignant layer of cells that form in the endometrium; presents with abnormal thickening of the endometrial cavity and irregular bleeding in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.

A

endometrial carcinoma

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9
Q

condition that results from estrogen stimulation to the endometrium without the influence of progestin, frequent cause of bleeding, especially in postmenopausal women

A

endometrial hyperplasia

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10
Q

pedunculated or sessile mass growing from the endometrium

A

endometrial polyp

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11
Q

tumor that microscopically resembles endometrial tissue

A

endometrioid

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12
Q

variant of placental site trophoblastic tumor

A

epithelioid trophoblastic tumor

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13
Q

Malignancy of the fallopian tube that is also linked to BRCA-1 and BRCA-2; adenocarcinoma is the most common histologic type

A

fallopian tube carcinoma

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14
Q

rare earth metallic element possessing paramagnetic properties used in contrast media for MRI

A

Gadolinium

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15
Q

group of rare diseases in which abnormal trophoblast cells overtake and complicate pregnancy and propagated throughout the uterine cavity; these tumors arise from the placental chorionic villi after conception

A

gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

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16
Q

estrogen-secreting tumor that arises from granulosa cells. These tumors are part of the sex cord-gonadal stromal category and present as large, complex ovarian masses

A

granulosa cell tumor

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17
Q

Hormone produced by chorionic cells in the fetal part of the placenta and found in the urine and blood of pregnant women; elevated levels are found with GTN.

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

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18
Q

virus that is transmitted through sexual contact and produces lesions on the mucous membranes; most commonly sexually transmitted infection and considered a causative factor in cervical carcinoma

A

Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

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19
Q

watery discharge sometimes present with fallopian tube carcincoma

A

hydrops tubae profluens

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20
Q

form of persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia typically deriving from a hydatidiform mole that invades into the myometrium

A

invasive mole

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21
Q

benign tumor composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue that occurs in the uterus

A

leiomyoma

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22
Q

malignant uterine tumor composed of smooth muscles cells and fibrous connective tissue; sonographically, it appears like a benign leiomyoma

A

leiomyosarcoma

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23
Q

process by which cancer spreads from a primary source to distant locations in the body

A

metastases

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24
Q

drug that inhibits cellular reproduction; used primarily in the treatment of psoriasis, various malignant neoplastic diseases, and as an immunosuppressive agent

A

methotrexate

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25
Q

cytologic study (developed by George Nicholas Papanicolaou) used to detect cancer in cells that an organ has shed; used most often in the diagnosis and prevention of cervical cancer and also valuable in the detection of pleural or peritoneal malignancies

A

Pap smear

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26
Q

Infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic structures; usually caused by an ascending infection from the vagina and cervix to the upper portions of the female reproductive tract

A

Pelvic inflammatory disease

27
Q

Malignant end of the GTN spectrum; this group of life-threatening diseases persists most often from a molar pregnancy

A

persistent trophoblastic neoplasia (PTN)

28
Q

inherited disorder characterized by the presence of polyps of the small intestine and melanin pigmentation of the lips, mucosa, fingers, and toes; anemia from the intestinal polyps is common

A

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

29
Q

Type of PTN that usually occers several years after a normal term pregnancy

A

Placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)

30
Q

Complex disorder involving infrequent, irregular menstrual cycles and often excess male hormone (androgen) levels

A

polycystic ovarian syndrome

31
Q

growth similar to a polyp

A

polypoid

32
Q

calculation of Doppler measurements of systolic and diastolic velocities during a specified cardiac cycle; like the resistive index, it is used to assess the resistance in a pulsatile vascular system

A

Pulsatility Index (PI)

33
Q

Treatment technique that uses high doses of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors; deters the proliferation of malignant cells by decreasing mitosis or by impairing DNA synthesis

A

Radiation therapy

34
Q

a drug that blocks hormone receptors helping reduce breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women

A

raloxifine

35
Q

calculated flow parameter in ultrasound used to assess the resistance in a pulsatile vascular system

A

Resistive Index (RI) (Pourcelot index)

36
Q

surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries

A

salpino-oophorectomy

37
Q

(True positive rate) measures the proportion of those individuals having some condition and who are correctly identified as having the condition

A

sensitivity

38
Q

injection of sterile saline into the uterine cavity under ultrasound guidance; this procedure allows for good visualization of the endometrial borders to rule out pathology

A

sonohysterography

39
Q

(True negative rate) measures the proportion of those individuals who do not have the condition and who are correctly identified as not having the condition

A

specificity

40
Q

slow-growing malignant tumor composed of squamous epithelium, most common type of cervical cancer

A

squamous cell carcinoma

41
Q

type of leiomyoma that deforms the uterine cavity and can cause heavy and irregular menses

A

submucosal leiomyoma

42
Q

nonsteroidal antiestrogen compound that is used for the treatment of breast cancer

A

tamoxifen

43
Q

causing congenital anomalies or birth defects

A

teratogenic

44
Q

_____ is a non steroidal antiestrogen compound prescribed for the treatment of _____ cancer.

A

Tamoxifen
Breast

45
Q

The most common clinical presentation of endometrial adenocarcinoma is _______.

A

Uterine bleeding

46
Q

An endometrium measuring greater than _____ in Postmenopausal women not using hormone replacement therapy is suspect for endometrial carcinoma.

A

5mm

47
Q

3D ultrasound is used to diagnose endometrial and cervical cancers. It can detect the infiltration of cancer into the adjacent structures, ______, and _____.

A

Bladder
Rectum

48
Q

When pelvic lesions are seen, not the presence of pelvic or abdominal ______.

A

Metastases

49
Q

The lower cervical lining is covered by cells that can develop into _______ carcinoma.

A

Squamous cell

50
Q

Tumors of the fallopian tube which cause profuse watery discharge are known as ________.

A

Hydros tubae profluens

51
Q

Cystic changes within the endometrium are more likely to be the result of ______, ______, or _____ but may also be seen with cancer.

A

Endometrial atrophy
Hyperplasia
Polyps

52
Q

Cervical cancer is usually asymptomatic in early stages and is often detect by _____.

A

Pap test

53
Q

The greater risk factor for the development of cervical carcinoma is infection by _____.

A

HPV

54
Q

Cervical cancer prognosis depends on tumor ____, tumor _____, and patient _____.

A

Size
Stage
Age

55
Q

Along with the EV ultrasound approach, _____ and _____ methods are also used to define the cervix.

A

Translabial
Transperineal

56
Q

The appearance of a bulky cervix on ultrasound may be caused by a ______ prolapsing from the lower uterine segment.

A

Leiomyoma

57
Q

Persistent trophoblastic neoplasia can occur after any pregnancy, but the greatest incidence is with _______.

A

Hyadatidform mole

58
Q

Endovaginal sonography is essential for diagnosing persistent trophoblastic neoplasia because many of these myometrial lesions are _____.

A

Small

59
Q

Intramural fibroids undergoing degeneration may resemble invasive ______ tissue.

A

Molar

60
Q

Choriocarcinoma had an absence of ______. Whereas invasive mole contains it.

A

Chorionic villi

61
Q

Cervical _____ results in hematometra.

A

Stenosis

62
Q

Treatment for endometrial cancer, leiomyosarcoma, or fallopian tube carcinoma is ______.

A

Total abdominal hysterectomy

63
Q

Symptoms that include vaginal discharge, postcoital bleeding, bladder irritability, and low back pain are often related to ______.

A

Carcinoma of the cervix

OBGYN 1 (18 decks)

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