Chapter 2: Sonographic Image Optimization Flashcards
ability of the ultrasound system to display echoes as separate structures parallel to the transmitted beam
axial resolution
series of 2D images providing a method to display movement
cine-loop
Doppler data conversion into a nondirectional amplitude color overlay on the grayscale image
color power Doppler/ power Doppler
Doppler data conversion into a directional velocity color overlay on the grayscale image
color Doppler
Combination of directional color Doppler and nondirectional amplitude color Doppler modes
directional color power angio/ directional power Doppler
General term encompassing axial, lateral, spatial, contrast, and temporal resolution
image resolution
Ability of the ultrasound system to display echoes as separate structures perpendicular to transmitted beam
lateral resolution
one area, corresponding to the X and Y axis, of the 2D image
pixel
number of cycles (frequency) of pulses per second
PRF
numerical measurement
quantative
Description of quality of components without a numerical component
qualitative
area of data acquisition for color Doppler information
region of interest
ability of the ultrasound system to display echoes as separate structures that lie close together
spatial resolution
ability of the ultrasound system to display events occurring at different times
temporal resolution
Overall gain adjusts or amplifies the _____ of all the pizels on the system monitor
brightness
As sound travels through tissue, there is a waveform amplitude _____ because of attenuation
reduction
TGC allows the adjustment of image by changing areas to
darker or brighter
A single focal zone carat should be positioned:
at or just deep to the imaged structure
The best B-mode image uses:
the highest frequency that provides an adequate amount of penetration
A higher dynamic range is best utilized with:
the uterus
Narrowing sector width _____ frame rate
increases
Low persistence improves resolution of:
the fetal heart
The maps feature adjusts _____ of the grays in an image.
brightness
Which is not an indicator of thermal index?
a. TIB
b. TIC
c. TIS
d. TIA
d
Tissue harmonic imaging offers improved image by decreasing all except:
a. side lobes
b. reverberation
c. speckle
d. contrast
d
This feature uses multiple, averaged transmit beams at different angles and frequencies to increase image detail.
compound imaging
Sweep Speed adjusts the M-mode scrolling speed or:
time
Turbulent flow patterns are often associated with:
pathologies
The optimal angle to sample with color flow is:
30 to 60 degrees
On a color bar indicator, the black are represents:
range of flow velocities displayed above and below the baseline
What will aid in detecting slow vascular flow?
Increasing persistence
This type of artifact occurs when a structure is a strong reflector, such as fetal bony structures, or when a tissue reflects most or all of the transmitted beam
posterior acoustic shadowing
Movement of the transducer or targeted anatomy results in an artifact called:
color flash
Evaluation of a cystic structure results in the creation of an area deep into the targeted anatomy appearing:
brighter than the adjacent tissue
“Slide pots” is another name for
potentiometer
The control ______ is used when the overall appearance of the image is too bright or too dark
overall gain
Dynamic range or DR is simply the range of _____ displayed in the B-mode imaging.
grays
Adding ____ or _____ to an image has the potential to increase structure visualization over black and white coloring.
tint or colorize
Increasing persistence _____ the frame rate.
slows
The mechanical index is an indicator of the ________ to tissue with the passing wave.
potential damage
The M-mode or motion mode tracings provide a graphic display of structures in relation to ____.
time
If color appears outside of the vessel when using color Doppler gain, it indicates a ____ gain level.
high
Optimally, the ROI should be no larger than necessary because of the ______ frame rates often associated with a larger color box.
decreased
From a frame rate perspective, it is better to have a ____ ROI than a ____ ROI.
long, wide
Changing the “smooth” function adjusts the _____ averaging for flow between color frames.
spatial
The _____ selection reverses the color display.
invert
Power Doppler is an alternate method for assessing ____-flow velocities
low
The ____ function reduces the amount of noise and clutter by suppressing the lower-level signals that are the result of tissue and vessel wall motion.
filter
The first step in obtaining a quality 3D data set is the optimization of the ____ image.
2D
Extra beams, located adjacent to the central beam, called ______ create echoes in an incorrect location.
grating/side lobes
____-mode provides a graphic display of motion in the fetal heart
M
An image produced with misregistration of sound waves occurs when a structure lies between the transducer and a curved or with an angled strong reflector. It is called _____ or _____.
mirror image
ghost image
Color power Doppler uses amplitude to create a color _____ of blood flow.
overlay
The reduction of Doppler aliasing is through adjustment of the _____ or baseline.
PRF
List the types of Doppler modes
continuous wave
pulsed wave
spectral doppler
color doppler
color power angio/ color power doppler/ power doppler
Directional color power angio/ directional color power doppler
