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OBGYN 1 > Chapter 10: Doppler Evaluation of the Pelvis > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Doppler Evaluation of the Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

When the sound wave encounters a distinct surface that is larger than the wavelength of the ultrasound beam

A

Speculate reflectors

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2
Q

Physiologic process involving the growth of new blood cells from preexisting vessels

A

Angiogenesis

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3
Q

Small vascular structures found along the periphery of the uterus

A

Arcuate vessels

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4
Q

Measurements used to compare the resistance of a medium to the propagation of flow

A

Impedances indices

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5
Q

A sonographic indicator of an organ to perfusion. Calculated from the peak systolic velocity and the end- diastolic velocity of blood flow.

A

Resistive index

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6
Q

Days 5 to 9 of the menstrual cycle

A

Early proliferative phase

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7
Q

Days 10 to 14 of the menstrual cycle

A

Late proliferative phase

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8
Q

Doppler measurement that uses peak systole minus peak diastole divided by the mean

A

Pulsatility index

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9
Q

Difference between peak systolic vale and end diastolic values of a vessel

A

S/D ratio

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10
Q

Days 15-28 of the menstrual cycles

A

Secretory phase

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11
Q

Main vessel carrying oxygenated blood toward the uterus

A

Uterine artery

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12
Q

Abnormal connection between veins and arteries

A

Arteriovenous malformation

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13
Q

Anatomical parts added, attached, or adjunct to another or others

A

Adnexa

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14
Q

Blood vessels that supply oxygenated blood to and drain deoxygenated blood away from the ovaries

A

Ovarian vessels

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15
Q

Malignant tumors, benign tumors, and inflammatory conditions are not related to:
a. angiogenesis
b. normal physiologic blood flow
c. abnormal blood flow
d. hypoxia

A

d

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16
Q

Select the true statement regarding ACR practice guidelines for an ultrasound examination of the female pelvis:
a. use the lowest possible sonographic exposure settings to gain the necessary diagnostic information
b. identify all the relevant structures through transabdominal or transvaginal imaging, knowing that in few cases both will be needed
c. High-quality patient care requires no demographic documentation
d. conduct the sonographic examination of the female pelvis with a real-time scanner without transducer frequency adjustment

A

a

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17
Q

Choose the most appropriate transducer frequency for a transabdominal pelvic sonogram when more depth penetration is needed.
a. 2.5MHz
b. 5.0MHz
c. 7.5 MHz
d. 12 MHz

A

a

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18
Q

A full urinary bladder enhances uterine visualization, but frequently causes a suboptimal ______ Doppler exam owing to the angle of incidence.

A

uterine artery

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19
Q

If a cystic mass is suspected during a full bladder pelvic ultrasound examination, the patient should:

A

void the urinary bladder and further investigate the pelvis

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20
Q

Which position provides the best visualization of free fluid in the pouch of Douglas during an endovaginal ultrasound exam?

A

lithotomy with a slight reverse Trendelenburg

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21
Q

Quantitative measurements of Doppler studies include:

A

measurements of absolute blood velocities, assessment of vascular impedances, and quantifying flow disturbances

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22
Q

With constant perfusion pressure, the flow _____ as the impedance to flow _____.

A

increases, decreases

23
Q

Resistive Index (RI) calculates:

A

the mean systolic and diastolic ratio

24
Q

Suspicion for vascular occlusion occurs when a:

A

high resistance pattern is detected where low resistance is normally seen

25
Q

A correct angle of _____ is required when analyzing vascular flow to determine its velocity by a Doppler shift.

A

less than 60 degrees

26
Q

Normal arterial flow is seen as:

A

alternating quick uptake systolic peak followed by a lower diastolic flow

27
Q

What is laminar flow?

A

blood velocity traveling highest in the mid vessel

28
Q

Name the vessel (appearing as a tubular structure) often seen sonographically in the outer uterine myometrium.

A

arcuate artery

29
Q

The functional layer of the endometrium is supplied blood by the:

A

spiral artery

30
Q

An arteriovenous malformation (AVM):
a. is commonly seen in the cervix
b. mostly involves the uterine endometrium
c. is typically acquired through surgery or trauma
d. is hyperechoic and well circumscribed

A

c

31
Q

Choose a statement that is not related to pelvic congestion.
a. frequently diagnosed in nulliparous women
b. vulvar, perineal, and lower extremity varices
c. chronic dull pelvic ache
d. Worsens with prolonged standing or walking

A

a

32
Q

The best description of classic ovarian torsion is:

A

an enlarged, edematous ovary with multiple small peripheral follicles and little or no vascular flow

33
Q

Complex cysts of the pelvis are:
a. malignant if seen with papillary cystic projections and free fluid
b. benign if void of a thick septa and thick walls
c. difficult to discriminate because benign and malignant characteristics can be similar
d. diagnosed only with Doppler evaluation

A

c

34
Q

Which statement is correct?
a. Low resistance flow has a low end-diastolic and peak systolic velocity
b. High resistance flow has a low end-diastolic value with a high peak systolic value
c. High resistance flow has a high end-diastolic and low peak systolic velocity
d. Arteries always demonstrate high resistance flow whereas veins always demonstrate low resistance flow

A

d

35
Q

_____ ultrasound is a vital component in the evaluation of pelvic pathology and physiology.

A

Doppler

36
Q

Following a transvaginal examination, clean the transducer with a(n) ______ solution.

A

antimicrobial

37
Q

Two ultrasound examinations that complement each other are _____ and _____

A

endovaginal
transabominal

38
Q

A sonographer must question every patient _____ allergies.

A

latex

39
Q

The uterine artery tends to be ______ and travels in a spiral fashion on the lateral aspect of the uterus.

A

tortuous

40
Q

The ovarian vein diameter in nulliparous women is ___ mm and can be up to ___ mm in women who have had children.

A

4
8

41
Q

High and low _______ are the two types of arterial Doppler flow analysis.

A

resistance

42
Q

The presence of blood flow in a select area or vessel, at a known depth, with a sample volume describes ____ Doppler.

A

pulsed

43
Q

The acronym BART means:

A

blue away, red towards

44
Q

The standard measurement used when displaying the spectral waveform is velocity, which is written as:

A

m/sec or cm/sec

45
Q

Color Doppler, which is a color _____, is based on the amount of the frequency shift and the _____ they are moving in relation to the transducer.

A

overlay
direction

46
Q

Power or energy Doppler displays movement, but without the attempt to obtain a _____ shift.

A

frequency

47
Q

Doppler ultrasound has been utilized as a noninvasive technique to assess blood flow _____.

A

impedance

48
Q

The ovarian artery anastamoses with the _____ artery at the uterine cornua.

A

uterine

49
Q

Mid-luteal phase uterine arterial flow mean values in premenopausal patients are similiar to that of ______ patients.

A

postmenopausal

50
Q

The ureters and _____ arteries follow an inferior track over the ____ muscle.

A

ovarian
psoas

51
Q

The ovarian veins travel differently in the left pelvis than the right pelvis. The left ovarian vein courses _______ and drains into the left ____ vein. The _____ receives the right ovarian blood flow.

A

superiorly
renal
IVC

52
Q

Although the gold standard for diagnosing pelvic congestion was traditionally _____, sonographic assessment with a ______ maneuver technique gave ultrasound an advantage with diagnosing pelvic congestion.

A

venography
valsalva

53
Q

During pregnancy, veins _____ to accomadate increased blood ____.

A

dilate
flow

54
Q

The early proliferative phase is day ____ of the menstrual cycle.

A

1

OBGYN 1 (18 decks)

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