Chapter 9: Managing Time

Question 1

Define Time management

Answer 1

The values and systems that guide the conscious decisions made about activities and time use, the conscious control of time to fulfill needs and achieve goals

Question 2

Define Discretionary time

Answer 2

The free time an individual can use in any way they want, free time

Question 3

Define nondiscretionary time

Answer 3

The time an individual cannot control totally by themselves

Question 4

What is time displacement

Answer 4

Concern over how time spent in one activity takes away from time spent in another activity

Question 5

Define perception

Answer 5

The process whereby sensory stimulation is translated into organized experience

Question 6

Define Time perception

Answer 6

Awareness of the passage of time, how we perceive time is both personally and culturally defined

Question 7

What are three models that explain the cultural differences in time perception

Answer 7

1) Linear-Separable Model
2) Procedural-Traditional Model
3) Circular-Traditional Model

Question 8

Define Linear-Separable Model

Answer 8

Used in Developed countries and assumes

• there is a distinct past, present, and future
• Time invested today will pay off in the future
• Tomorrow brings the opportunity for something better

Question 9

Define Procedural-traditional Model

Answer 9

The general assumptions are

• Consider the actual step, event, project more important than the time spent on completion
• Focuses on one’s staying power and attention to quality and detail
• Artisans may subscribe to this model EX Micheal Angelo’s painting of the Sistine Chapel

Question 10

Define Circular-Traditional model

Answer 10

Used by primitive or underprivileged cultures and assumes

• Emphasizes the repetitive nature of time
• Expects that the past, present, and the future will look similar
• A fairly monotonous perspective with little hope or expectation for improvement

Question 11

Define Quantitative time measures

Answer 11

investigates the number, kind and duration of activities that occur at specific points in time

Question 12

What kind of results do quantitative time measures produce?

Answer 12

Purely numerical

Question 13

Define Qualitive time measures

Answer 13

Investigates the meaning and significance of time use as well as how individuals feel about their time use.

Question 14

What kind of questions does qualitive time measures use

Answer 14

Open ended questions

Question 15

Are quantitative or qualitive time measures often used and why?

Answer 15

Quantitative because qualitative is costly and very time consuming

Question 16

Can demands be both internal or external?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

What are 4 pitfalls to time management?

Answer 17

1) Failing to prioritize
2) Not taking time to relax and refuel
3) Failure to multitask or multitasking too much
4) Procrastination

Question 18

Define communication multitasking

Answer 18

Sending and reciving many messages in a short span of time

Question 19

What is drift time

Answer 19

refers to enjoying unscheduled time

Question 20

Define circadian rhythms

Answer 20

Daily rhythmic activity cycles, based on 24 hour intervals that humans experience

Question 21

all individuals have a ____ which is a time pattern or pace they are comfortable with

Answer 21

Tempo

Question 22

Define time tagging

Answer 22

A mental estimation of the sequences that should take place, the approximate amount of time required for each activity in the sequence and the starting and ending times for each activity

Question 23

Define polychronic

Answer 23

Refers to the liking to do several things at once

Question 24

Define monochronic

Answer 24

Refers to preferring to focus on one activity at a time

Question 25

What is a routine

Answer 25

A habitual way of doing things that saves time and energy for other activities