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Family 1420 > Chapter 2: Management History and Theories > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Management History and Theories Flashcards

1
Q

Who is known as the father of scientific management and what did he do?

A

Fredrick Taylor revolutionized assembly lines

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2
Q

What is work simplification and what 3 errors did it occur in?

A

More efficient work methods in the home or in other settings between 1900 and now
Premodern: Early 1900’s
Modern: 1950’s
Postmodern: Early 21st century

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3
Q

Describe the premodern era of work simplification

A

Families made their own clothes, food and household cleaning products. They were likely to only buy basics like soap and flour. People were collectors more than decorators

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4
Q

Describe the modern era of work simplification

A

Bought most of their clothing, food, and household cleaning products. End of world war 2 brought an all-time housing demand. Most houses had indoor plumbing, electricity, laundry equipment, and a modern kitchen

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5
Q

Describe the postmodern era of work simplification

A

Ordering and selling more products from the internet, rely heavily on stores for everything. Going out to restaurants and grocery stores. Preparation of frozen food is common and homes are considerably larger

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6
Q

what are the four principle areas of family/home management and when did they occur?

A

Era one : 1900-1930
Era two : 1940’s- early 1950’s
Era three : 1950’s - 1960’s
Era four: 1970’s - 1980’s

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7
Q

Describe era one of family/home management

A

Health, sanitation, hygiene and the importance of household production as a legitimate form of economic production

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8
Q

Describe era two of family/home management

A

Household equipment, efficiency, step saving, standardized work units. World war II influences household consumption and production

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9
Q

Describe era three of family/home management

A

Family values, goals, standards, resources, decision making, optimization of families, gradual swing away from work performance in the home. the corporate world grows

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10
Q

Describe era four of family/home management

A

Development of a systems framework emphasizing the interconnections among family, home, and the greater society

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11
Q

Research is

A

The collection, processing, and analysis of information

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12
Q

What are the two categories most management falls into?

A

a) Financial or economic resources

b) Family or household resources

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13
Q

Theory is

A

an organized system of ideas or beliefs that can be measured, it is a system of assumptions or principles

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14
Q

Theories provide a useful way to what

A

organize information

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15
Q

Theories help predict ____

A

Behaviour

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16
Q

A theory summarizes what

A

what is known about a phenomenon and permits the formation of hypotheses or future occurrences

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17
Q

Define Controlling

A

Refers to the things people do to check their course of action

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18
Q

What is the underlying principle underlying systems theory?

A

That the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

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19
Q

What does systems theory emphasize?

A

The interconnectedness and interactions among different systems

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20
Q

A system is ?

A

an integrated set of parts that function together for some end purpose or result

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21
Q

True or false; systems can be composed of biotic or abiotic things

A

true

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22
Q

What is a subsystem?

A

Parts of the larger system

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23
Q

Individuals are _____ of families

A

subsystems

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24
Q

Define interface

A

The place or point where independent systems or diverse groups interact

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25
Q

Define boundaries

A

the limits or borders between systems

26
Q

Define morphogenic systems

A

Adaptive to change and are relatively open, boundaries are permeable

27
Q

Define morphostatic systems

A

Resistant to change, are stable and relatively closed

28
Q

Define inputs

A

Anything that is brought into the system

29
Q

The processing of inputs is called what

A

Throughput or transformations

30
Q

throughput or transformations refer to what

A

the transitions from one system to another

31
Q

Define outputs

A

the end results

32
Q

Define demands

A

Events or goals that require action for their fulfillment

33
Q

Define sequencing

A

occurs when one thing follows the other

34
Q

Define positive feedback

A

Information put into the system that anticipates and promotes change, indicates a new course of action is needed

35
Q

Define negative feedback

A

Information put into a system that indicates that the system is deviating from its normal course and that corrective measures may be necessary if desired state is to be maintained

36
Q

A system seeks what

A

Equilibrium

37
Q

Define equilibrium

A

Feedback causes the system to readjust itself with a tendency towards wanting to put things back the way they were

38
Q

What is Murphy’s law?

A

If something can go wrong it will

39
Q

What are the 4 tendencies that exist in all systems and define each other

A

a) Entropy: Tendency toward randomness and disorder, more likely to occur in closed system
b) Homeostasis: Tendency to maintain balance
c) Equifinality: The phenomenon in which different circumstances and opportunities may lead to similar outcomes, goals are the game but there are different ways to get there
d) Multifinality: Refers to the phenomenon in which the same initial circumstances or conditions may lead to different conclusions or outcomes

40
Q

What is one goal of personal systems management?

A

To recognize and to make productive the specific strengths and abilities of each individual

41
Q

What 5 subsystems are apart of personal systems management?

A

1) Biological
2) Physiological
3) Behavioural
4) Psychological
5) Social

42
Q

What is one goal of family systems management?

A

To recognize and to make productive the specific strengths and ability of each family

43
Q

Define boundary ambiguity

A

Members are unsure where the lines are, how daily life should be arranged and who should be invited to family events

44
Q

What type of families is boundary ambiguity common?

A

Blended families

45
Q

What is ecology

A

The study of how living things relate to their natural environment

46
Q

What is human ecology?

A

Humans interacting with their environment

47
Q

What is a microenvironment and give an example

A

The environment that closely surrounds individuals and families
ex; apartment, classrooms

48
Q

What is a macroenvironment and give an example

A

The environment that surrounds and encompasses the microenvironment
ex; trees, sky, oceans

49
Q

Define family ecosystems

A

A subsystem of human ecology that emphasizes the interactions between families and environments

50
Q

What is the social exchange theory?

A

Focuses on individual resources and the trading or bartering of these resources, often related to power in families

51
Q

Define optimization

A

Obtaining the best result, the effective use of resources to gain maximum satisfaction

52
Q

Define satisficing

A

refers to picking the first good alternative that presents itself so that an individual stops searching once it appears that an initial choice will suffer

53
Q

Define risk

A

The possibility of experiencing harm, suffering or danger

54
Q

Define risk aversion

A

avoidance of risks

55
Q

Define Economic theory and state the general assumption

A

Focuses on the cost versus gain relationship between the buyer and the seller. the general assumption is that individuals/families only make decisions that will minimize their costs and maximize their benefit

56
Q

As an area of study family management is ___ _____ compared to other fields such as English or math

A

Very young

57
Q

What was the initial focus of family management, what was it called and when did it occur

A

Late 1800’s, focus on management within the home and housework (Cooking, cleaning) and was referred to as home economics

58
Q

What was the first book written on this subject and by who

A

Principles of household management and cookery by Maria Parloa

59
Q

When was the discipline of Home economics founded?

A

1899

60
Q

Who is considered the father of family resource management?

A

Fredrick Winslow Taylor

61
Q

What was Fredrick Winslow Taylors goal and who/ where is it applied now

A

To find ways to minimize effort and maximize profitability. Applied by interior designers in kitchens

62
Q

What is the study of home economics referred to as now?

A

Human Ecology

Family 1420 (24 decks)

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