Chapter 9-Joints Flashcards
Movement away from the midline of the body
Abduction
A slightly movable joint, in which the articulating bony surfaces are separated by fibrous connective tissue or fibrocartilage to which both are attached; types are syndesmosis and symphysis
Amphiarthrosis
Inflammation of a joint
Arthritis
The study or description of joints
Arthrology
Surgical replacement of joints, for example, the hip and knee joints
Arthroplasty
A procedure for examining the interior of a joint, usually the knee, by inserting an arthroscope into a small incision; used to determine extent of damage, remove torn cartilage, repair cruciate ligaments, and obtain samples for analysis.
Arthroscopy
A joint or articulation
Arthrosis
Sleevelike structure around a synovial joint composed of a fibrous capsule and a synovial membrane
Articular capsule
Hyaline cartilage attached to articular bone surfaces
Articular cartilage
Fibrocartilage pad between articular surfaces of the bones of some synovial joints. Also called a meniscus
Articular disc
A joint; a point of contact between two bones, cartilage and bones, or teeth and bones
Articulation
A synovial joint in which the rounded surface of one bone moves within a cup-shaped depression or socket of another bone, as in the shoulder or hip joint. Also called a spheroid joint
Ball-and-socket joint
Inflammation of a bursa
Bursitis
A joint without a synovial (joint) cavity where the articulating bones are held tightly together by cartilage, allowing little or no movement
Cartilaginous joint
A movement at a synovial joint in which the distal end of a bone moves in a circle while the proximal end remains relatively stable
Circumduction
A synovial joint structured so that an oval-shaped condyle of one bone fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone, permitting side-to-side and back-and-forth movements, such as the joint at the wrist between the radius and carpals. Also called an ellipsoidal joint
Condyloid joint
Movement in which a part of the body moves inferiorly
Depression
A freely moveable joint; types are gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket
Diarthrosis
Displacement of a bone from a joint with tearing of ligaments, tendons, and articular capsules. Also called a luxation
Dislocation
Bending the foot in the direction of the dorsum (upper surface)
Dorsiflexion
Movement in which a part of the body moves superiorly
Elevation
The movement of the sole laterally at the ankle joint or of an atrioventricular valve into an atrium during ventricular contraction
Eversion
An increase in the angle between two bones; restoring a body part to its anatomical position after flexion
Extension
A joint that allows little or no movement, such as a suture or a syndesmosis
Fibrous joint
Movement in which there is a decrease in the angle between two bones
Flexion
A fibrous joint in which a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket
Gomphosis
Hereditary condition associated with excessive uric acid in the blood; the acid crystallizes and deposits in joints, kidneys, and soft tissue
Gout
A synovial joint in which a convex surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of another bone, such as the elbow, knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joints. Also called a ginglymus joint
Hinge joint
Continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position, as in bending the head backward
Hyperextension
The movement of the sole medially at the ankle joint
Inversion
The study of the movement of body parts
Kinesiology
Dense regular connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
Ligament
A synovial joint in which a rounded, pointed, or conical surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament, as in the joint between the atlas and axis and between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna. Also called trochoid joint.
Pivot joint
Bending the foot in the direction of the plantar surface (sole)
Plantar flexion
A movement of the forearm in which the palm is turned posteriorly
Pronation
The movement of the mandible or shoulder girdle forward on a plane parallel with the ground
Protraction
The movement of a protracted part of the body posteriorly on a plane parallel to the ground, in pulling the lower jaw back in line with the upper jaw
Retraction
Moving a bone around its own axis with no other movement
Rotation
A synovial joint in which the articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped and the articular surface of the other bone is shaped like the legs of the rider sitting in the saddle, as in the joint between the trapezium and the metacarpal of the thumb
Saddle joint
A synovial joint where the humerus articulates with the scapula
Shoulder joint
Forcible wrenching or twisting of a joint with partial rupture or other injury to its attachments without dislocation
Sprain
A movement of the forearm in which the palm is turned anteriorly
Supination
An immovable fibrous joint that joins skull bones
Suture
A line of union. A slightly movable cartilaginous joint such as the pubic symphysis
Symphysis
An immovable joint such as a suture, gomphosis, or synchondrosis
Synarthrosis
A cartilaginous joint in which the connecting material is hyaline cartilage
Synchondrosis
A slightly movable joint in which articulating bones are united by fibrous connective tissue
Syndesmosis
A joint in which the dense fibrous connective tissue that unites bones at a suture has been replaced by bone, resulting in a complete fusion across the suture line
Synostosis
The space between the articulating bones of a synovial joint, filled with synovial fluid. Also called a joint cavity
Synovial cavity
Secretion of synovial membranes that lubricates joints and nourishes articular cartilage
Synovial fluid
A fully movable or diarthrotic joint in which a synovial (joint) cavity is presented between the two articulating bones
Synovial joint
The deeper of the two layers of the articular capsule of a synovial joint, composed of areolar connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid into the synovial (joint) cavity
Synovial membrane
A tearing of an articular disc (meniscus) in the knee
Torn cartilage
