Chapter 9-Joints

Question 1

Movement away from the midline of the body

Answer 1

Abduction

Question 2

A slightly movable joint, in which the articulating bony surfaces are separated by fibrous connective tissue or fibrocartilage to which both are attached; types are syndesmosis and symphysis

Answer 2

Amphiarthrosis

Question 3

Inflammation of a joint

Answer 3

Arthritis

Question 4

The study or description of joints

Answer 4

Arthrology

Question 5

Surgical replacement of joints, for example, the hip and knee joints

Answer 5

Arthroplasty

Question 6

A procedure for examining the interior of a joint, usually the knee, by inserting an arthroscope into a small incision; used to determine extent of damage, remove torn cartilage, repair cruciate ligaments, and obtain samples for analysis.

Answer 6

Arthroscopy

Question 7

A joint or articulation

Answer 7

Arthrosis

Question 8

Sleevelike structure around a synovial joint composed of a fibrous capsule and a synovial membrane

Answer 8

Articular capsule

Question 9

Hyaline cartilage attached to articular bone surfaces

Answer 9

Articular cartilage

Question 10

Fibrocartilage pad between articular surfaces of the bones of some synovial joints. Also called a meniscus

Answer 10

Articular disc

Question 11

A joint; a point of contact between two bones, cartilage and bones, or teeth and bones

Answer 11

Articulation

Question 12

A synovial joint in which the rounded surface of one bone moves within a cup-shaped depression or socket of another bone, as in the shoulder or hip joint. Also called a spheroid joint

Answer 12

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 13

Inflammation of a bursa

Answer 13

Bursitis

Question 14

A joint without a synovial (joint) cavity where the articulating bones are held tightly together by cartilage, allowing little or no movement

Answer 14

Cartilaginous joint

Question 15

A movement at a synovial joint in which the distal end of a bone moves in a circle while the proximal end remains relatively stable

Answer 15

Circumduction

Question 16

A synovial joint structured so that an oval-shaped condyle of one bone fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone, permitting side-to-side and back-and-forth movements, such as the joint at the wrist between the radius and carpals. Also called an ellipsoidal joint

Answer 16

Condyloid joint

Question 17

Movement in which a part of the body moves inferiorly

Answer 17

Depression

Question 18

A freely moveable joint; types are gliding, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket

Answer 18

Diarthrosis

Question 19

Displacement of a bone from a joint with tearing of ligaments, tendons, and articular capsules. Also called a luxation

Answer 19

Dislocation

Question 20

Bending the foot in the direction of the dorsum (upper surface)

Answer 20

Dorsiflexion

Question 21

Movement in which a part of the body moves superiorly

Answer 21

Elevation

Question 22

The movement of the sole laterally at the ankle joint or of an atrioventricular valve into an atrium during ventricular contraction

Answer 22

Eversion

Question 23

An increase in the angle between two bones; restoring a body part to its anatomical position after flexion

Answer 23

Extension

Question 24

A joint that allows little or no movement, such as a suture or a syndesmosis

Answer 24

Fibrous joint

Question 25

Movement in which there is a decrease in the angle between two bones

Answer 25

Flexion

Question 26

A fibrous joint in which a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket

Answer 26

Gomphosis

Question 27

Hereditary condition associated with excessive uric acid in the blood; the acid crystallizes and deposits in joints, kidneys, and soft tissue

Answer 27

Gout

Question 28

A synovial joint in which a convex surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of another bone, such as the elbow, knee, ankle, and interphalangeal joints. Also called a ginglymus joint

Answer 28

Hinge joint

Question 29

Continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position, as in bending the head backward

Answer 29

Hyperextension

Question 30

The movement of the sole medially at the ankle joint

Answer 30

Inversion

Question 31

The study of the movement of body parts

Answer 31

Kinesiology

Question 32

Dense regular connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

Answer 32

Ligament

Question 33

A synovial joint in which a rounded, pointed, or conical surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament, as in the joint between the atlas and axis and between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna. Also called trochoid joint.

Answer 33

Pivot joint

Question 34

Bending the foot in the direction of the plantar surface (sole)

Answer 34

Plantar flexion

Question 35

A movement of the forearm in which the palm is turned posteriorly

Answer 35

Pronation

Question 36

The movement of the mandible or shoulder girdle forward on a plane parallel with the ground

Answer 36

Protraction

Question 37

The movement of a protracted part of the body posteriorly on a plane parallel to the ground, in pulling the lower jaw back in line with the upper jaw

Answer 37

Retraction

Question 38

Moving a bone around its own axis with no other movement

Answer 38

Rotation

Question 39

A synovial joint in which the articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped and the articular surface of the other bone is shaped like the legs of the rider sitting in the saddle, as in the joint between the trapezium and the metacarpal of the thumb

Answer 39

Saddle joint

Question 40

A synovial joint where the humerus articulates with the scapula

Answer 40

Shoulder joint

Question 41

Forcible wrenching or twisting of a joint with partial rupture or other injury to its attachments without dislocation

Answer 41

Sprain

Question 42

A movement of the forearm in which the palm is turned anteriorly

Answer 42

Supination

Question 43

An immovable fibrous joint that joins skull bones

Answer 43

Suture

Question 44

A line of union. A slightly movable cartilaginous joint such as the pubic symphysis

Answer 44

Symphysis

Question 45

An immovable joint such as a suture, gomphosis, or synchondrosis

Answer 45

Synarthrosis

Question 46

A cartilaginous joint in which the connecting material is hyaline cartilage

Answer 46

Synchondrosis

Question 47

A slightly movable joint in which articulating bones are united by fibrous connective tissue

Answer 47

Syndesmosis

Question 48

A joint in which the dense fibrous connective tissue that unites bones at a suture has been replaced by bone, resulting in a complete fusion across the suture line

Answer 48

Synostosis

Question 49

The space between the articulating bones of a synovial joint, filled with synovial fluid. Also called a joint cavity

Answer 49

Synovial cavity

Question 50

Secretion of synovial membranes that lubricates joints and nourishes articular cartilage

Answer 50

Synovial fluid

Question 51

A fully movable or diarthrotic joint in which a synovial (joint) cavity is presented between the two articulating bones

Answer 51

Synovial joint

Question 52

The deeper of the two layers of the articular capsule of a synovial joint, composed of areolar connective tissue that secretes synovial fluid into the synovial (joint) cavity

Answer 52

Synovial membrane

Question 53

A tearing of an articular disc (meniscus) in the knee

Answer 53

Torn cartilage