Chapter 10 Muscular Tissue Flashcards
Decteased or lost muscle tone in which muscles appear flaccid.
Hypotonia
Invagination of the epimysium that divides muscles into bundles
erimysium
Inability of a muscle to maintain its strength of contraction or tension; may be related to insufficient oxygen, depletion of glycogen, and/or lactic acid buildup
Muscle fatigue
a continuous sheet of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue between the dermis of the skin and the deep fascia of the muscles. Also called the hypodermis.
Subcutaneous layer
Hypertonia characterized by increased muscle tone, increased tendon reflexes, and pathological reflexes (Babinski sign)
Spasticity
The study of muscles
Myology
A white fibrous cord of dense regular connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.
Tendon
The ability to return to its original shape after contraction oor extension
Elasticity
A sudden, involuntary contraction of large groups of muscles
Spasm
Invagination of the perimysium separating each individual muscle fiber (cell)
Endomysium
The cutaneous area developed from one embryonic spinal cord segment and receirving most of it’s sensory innervation from one spinal nerve. An instrument for incising the skin or cutting thin transplants of skin.
Dermatome
Rhythmic, involuntary, purposeless contraction of opposing muscle groups.
Tremor
Aneurotransmitter liberated by many peripheral nervous system neurons and some central nervous system neurons. It is excitatory at neuromuscular junctions but inhibitory at some other synapses (for example, it slows heart rate).
Acetylcholine
the middle primary germ latyer the gives rise to conective tissues, blood and blood vessels, and muscles.
Mesoderm
The record or tracing produced by myograph, an apparatus that measures and records the force of muscular contractions.
Myogram
The abilit of cells or parts of cells to actively generate force to undergo shortening for movements. Muscle fibers (cells) exhibit a high degree of contractility
Contractility
Increased muscle tone that is expressed as spasticity or ridigity.
Hypertonia
The ability of muscle tissue to stretch when it is pulled
Extensibility
Hypertonia characterized by increased muscle tone, but reflexes are not affected.
Rigidity
A sustained, partial contraction of portions of skeletal or smooth muscle in response to activiation of stretch receptors or a basline level of action potentials in the innervating motor neurons.
Muscle tone
Region of the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber (cell) that includes acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, which bind ACh released by synaptic end bulbs of somatic motor neurons.
Motor end plate
A motor neuron together with the muscle fibers (cells) it stimulates
Motor Unit
Any abnormal condition or dissease of muscle tissue
Myopathy
Abnormal, spontaneous twitch of a skeletal muscle fibers in one motor unit that is visibele at the skin surface; not associated with movement of the affected muscle; present in progressive diseases of motor neurons, for example poliomyelitis.
Fasciculation
State of partial contraction of muscles after death due to lack of ATP; myaosin heads (crossbridges) remain attached to actin, thus preventing relaxation.
Rigor mortis
Fibrous connective tissues around muscles.
Epimysium
A group of muscles innervated by the motor neurons of a single spinal segment. In an ambryo, the portion of a somite that develops into some skeleteal muscles
Myotome
An excessive enlargement or overgrowth of tissue with cell division.
Hypertrophy
A network of saccules and tubes surrounding myofibrilis of muscle fiber (cell), comparable to endoplasmic reticulum; functions to reabsorb calcium ions during relaxtion and releae them to cause contraction.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
A complex of three units of muscle fiber composed of a transvers tubule and the sarcoplasmic reticulum terminal cisterns on both sides of it
Triad
The cell membrane of a muscle fiber (cell) especially of a skeletal muscle fiber
Sarcolemma
Relaxed, flabby or soft; lacking muscle tone
Flaccid
the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber (cell)
Sarcoplasm
One of a variety of molecules within axon terminals that are released into the synaptic cleft in response to a nerve impules and that change the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron
Neurostransmitter
Large connective tissue sheets that wrap around groups of muscles.
Fascia
A contractile protein that is part of thin filaments in muscle fibers.
Actin
A spasmodic, usually painful contraction of a muscle.
Cramp
The contractile protein that makes up the thick filaments of muscle fibers
Myosin
the oxygen-binding, iron-containing protein present in the sarcoplasm of muscle fibers (cells); contributes the red color to muscle.
Myoglobin
The functional junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector, such as muscle or gland; may be electrical or chemical.
Synapse
An Abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in a tissue or organ, increasing its size
Hyperplasia
