Chapter 10 Muscular Tissue

Question 1

Decteased or lost muscle tone in which muscles appear flaccid.

Answer 1

Hypotonia

Question 2

Invagination of the epimysium that divides muscles into bundles

Answer 2

erimysium

Question 3

Inability of a muscle to maintain its strength of contraction or tension; may be related to insufficient oxygen, depletion of glycogen, and/or lactic acid buildup

Answer 3

Muscle fatigue

Question 4

a continuous sheet of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue between the dermis of the skin and the deep fascia of the muscles. Also called the hypodermis.

Answer 4

Subcutaneous layer

Question 5

Hypertonia characterized by increased muscle tone, increased tendon reflexes, and pathological reflexes (Babinski sign)

Answer 5

Spasticity

Question 6

The study of muscles

Answer 6

Myology

Question 7

A white fibrous cord of dense regular connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Answer 7

Tendon

Question 8

The ability to return to its original shape after contraction oor extension

Answer 8

Elasticity

Question 9

A sudden, involuntary contraction of large groups of muscles

Answer 9

Spasm

Question 10

Invagination of the perimysium separating each individual muscle fiber (cell)

Answer 10

Endomysium

Question 11

The cutaneous area developed from one embryonic spinal cord segment and receirving most of it’s sensory innervation from one spinal nerve. An instrument for incising the skin or cutting thin transplants of skin.

Answer 11

Dermatome

Question 12

Rhythmic, involuntary, purposeless contraction of opposing muscle groups.

Answer 12

Tremor

Question 13

Aneurotransmitter liberated by many peripheral nervous system neurons and some central nervous system neurons. It is excitatory at neuromuscular junctions but inhibitory at some other synapses (for example, it slows heart rate).

Answer 13

Acetylcholine

Question 14

the middle primary germ latyer the gives rise to conective tissues, blood and blood vessels, and muscles.

Answer 14

Mesoderm

Question 15

The record or tracing produced by myograph, an apparatus that measures and records the force of muscular contractions.

Answer 15

Myogram

Question 16

The abilit of cells or parts of cells to actively generate force to undergo shortening for movements. Muscle fibers (cells) exhibit a high degree of contractility

Answer 16

Contractility

Question 17

Increased muscle tone that is expressed as spasticity or ridigity.

Answer 17

Hypertonia

Question 18

The ability of muscle tissue to stretch when it is pulled

Answer 18

Extensibility

Question 19

Hypertonia characterized by increased muscle tone, but reflexes are not affected.

Answer 19

Rigidity

Question 20

A sustained, partial contraction of portions of skeletal or smooth muscle in response to activiation of stretch receptors or a basline level of action potentials in the innervating motor neurons.

Answer 20

Muscle tone

Question 21

Region of the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber (cell) that includes acetylcholine (ACh) receptors, which bind ACh released by synaptic end bulbs of somatic motor neurons.

Answer 21

Motor end plate

Question 22

A motor neuron together with the muscle fibers (cells) it stimulates

Answer 22

Motor Unit

Question 23

Any abnormal condition or dissease of muscle tissue

Answer 23

Myopathy

Question 24

Abnormal, spontaneous twitch of a skeletal muscle fibers in one motor unit that is visibele at the skin surface; not associated with movement of the affected muscle; present in progressive diseases of motor neurons, for example poliomyelitis.

Answer 24

Fasciculation

Question 25

State of partial contraction of muscles after death due to lack of ATP; myaosin heads (crossbridges) remain attached to actin, thus preventing relaxation.

Answer 25

Rigor mortis

Question 26

Fibrous connective tissues around muscles.

Answer 26

Epimysium

Question 27

A group of muscles innervated by the motor neurons of a single spinal segment. In an ambryo, the portion of a somite that develops into some skeleteal muscles

Answer 27

Myotome

Question 28

An excessive enlargement or overgrowth of tissue with cell division.

Answer 28

Hypertrophy

Question 29

A network of saccules and tubes surrounding myofibrilis of muscle fiber (cell), comparable to endoplasmic reticulum; functions to reabsorb calcium ions during relaxtion and releae them to cause contraction.

Answer 29

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

A complex of three units of muscle fiber composed of a transvers tubule and the sarcoplasmic reticulum terminal cisterns on both sides of it

Answer 30

Triad

Question 31

The cell membrane of a muscle fiber (cell) especially of a skeletal muscle fiber

Answer 31

Sarcolemma

Question 32

Relaxed, flabby or soft; lacking muscle tone

Answer 32

Flaccid

Question 33

the cytoplasm of a muscle fiber (cell)

Answer 33

Sarcoplasm

Question 34

One of a variety of molecules within axon terminals that are released into the synaptic cleft in response to a nerve impules and that change the membrane potential of the postsynaptic neuron

Answer 34

Neurostransmitter

Question 35

Large connective tissue sheets that wrap around groups of muscles.

Answer 35

Fascia

Question 36

A contractile protein that is part of thin filaments in muscle fibers.

Answer 36

Actin

Question 37

A spasmodic, usually painful contraction of a muscle.

Answer 37

Cramp

Question 38

The contractile protein that makes up the thick filaments of muscle fibers

Answer 38

Myosin

Question 39

the oxygen-binding, iron-containing protein present in the sarcoplasm of muscle fibers (cells); contributes the red color to muscle.

Answer 39

Myoglobin

Question 40

The functional junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector, such as muscle or gland; may be electrical or chemical.

Answer 40

Synapse

Question 41

An Abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in a tissue or organ, increasing its size

Answer 41

Hyperplasia