Chapter 5-The Integumentary System Flashcards by Samantha Mack

Intake of fluids or other substances by cells of the skin or mucous membranes; the passage of digested foods from the gastrointestinal tract into blood or lymph

Absorption

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Abnormal, nonpathological, partical, or total absence of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes

Albinism

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The partial or complete lack of hair as a result of factors such as genetics, aging, endocrine disorders, chemotherapy, and skin diseases

Alopecia

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Smooth muscles attached to hairs; contraction pulls the hairs into a vertical position, resulting in “goose bumps”

Arrector pili

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Systematic veins and venules that contain large amounts of blood that can be moved quickly to parts of the body requiring the blood

Blood reservoir

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A growth of new bone tissue in and around a fractured area, ultimately replaced by mature bone. An acquired, localized thickening.

Callus

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Antioxidant precursur of vitamin A, which is needed for synthesis of photopigments; yellow-orange pigment present in the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Accounts for the yellowish coloration of skin

Carotene or Beta-Carotene

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Waxlike secretion produced by ceruminous glands in the external auditory meatus (ear canal).

Cerumen or ear wax

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A modified sudoriferous (sweat) gland in the external auditory meatus that secretes cerumen (ear wax).

Ceruminous gland

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Fingerlike projection of the papillary region of the dermis that may contain blood capillaries or corpuscles of touch (Meissner corpuscles).

Dermal papilla

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The medical specialty dealing with diseases of the skin

Dermatology

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A layer of dense irregular connective tissue lying deep to the epidermis

Dermis

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The primary germ layer that gives rise to the nervous system and the epidermis of skin and its derivatives

Ectoderm

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The ability of tissue to return to its original shape after contraction or extension

Elasticity

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The superficial, thinner layer of skin, composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Epidermis

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Narrow brand of stratum corneum at the proximal border of a nail that extends form the margin of the nail wall. Also called the cuticle

Eponychium

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Skin redness usually caused by dilation of the capillaries

Erythema

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The process of eliminating waste products from the body; also the products excreted

Excretion

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The ability of muscle tissue to stretch when it is pulled

Extensibility

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A threadlike structure produced by hair follicles that develops in the dermis. Also called a pilus

Hair

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Structure composed of eipthelium and surrounding the root of a hair from which hair develops

Hair follicle

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A network of dendrites arranged around the root of a hair as free or naked nerve endings that are stimulated when a hair shaft is removed

Hair root plexus

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A substance in red blood cells consisting of the protein globin and the iron-containing red pigment heme that transports most of the oxygen and some carbon dioxide in blood

Hemoglobin

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An excessive growth of hair in femailes and children, with a distribution similar to that in adult males, due to the conversion of vellus hairs into large terminal hairs in response to higher-than-normal levels of androgens

Hirsutism

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Free edge of the fingernail

Hyponychium

Localized, protective response to tissue injury designed to destroy, dilute, or wall of the infecting agent or injured tssue; characterized by redness, pain, heat, swelling, and sometime loss of function

Inflammation

Relating to the skin

Integumentary

A condition characterized by the yellowness of the skin, the white of the eyes, mucous membranes, and body fluids beacuse of a buildup of bilirubin

Jaundice

An insoluable protein found in the hair, nails, and other kertinized tissues of the epidermis

Keratin

The most numerous of the epidermal cells; produces keratin

Keratinocyte

Epidermal dendritic cell that functions as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) during an immune response

Langerhans cell

Fine downy hairs that cover the fetus

Lanugo

The moon-shaped white area at the base of a nail

Lunula

A dark black, brown, or yellow pigment found in some parts of the body of the hair such as the skin, hair, and pigmented layer of the retina

Melanin

A pigmented cell, located between or beneath cells of the deepest layer of the epidermis, that synthesizes melanin

Melanocyte

Type of cell in the epidermis of hairless skin that makes contact with a tactile (Merkel) disc, with functions in touch

Merkel cell

An embryonic connective tissue from which all other connective tissues arise

Mesenchyme

The middle primary germ layer that gives rise to connective tissues, blood and blood vessels, and muscles

Mesoderm

A hard plate, composed largely of keratin, that develops from the epidermis of the skin to form a protective covering on the dorsal surface of the distal phalanges of the fingers and toes

Nail

The part of the nail beneath the body and root from which the nail is produced

Nail matrix

An exocrine gland in the dermis of the skin, almost always associated with a hair follicle that secretes sebum. Also called an oil gland

Sebaceous gland

Secretion of sebaceous (oil) glands

Sebum

The external covering of the body that consists of a superficial, thinner epidermis (eipthelial tissue) and a deep, thicker dermis (connective tissue) that is anchored to the subcutaneous layer

Skin

The layer of the endometrium next to the myometrium that is maintained during mensturation and gestation and produces a new stratum functionalis following menustration or parturition

Stratum basalis

A continuous sheet of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue between the dermis of the skin and the deep fascia of the muscles. Also called the hypodermis

Subcutaneous layer

An apocrine or eccrine exocrine gland in the dermis or subcutaneous layer that produces perspiration. Also called a sweat gland

Sudoriferous gland

An association of organs that have a common function

System

The transfer of a patch of healthy skin taken from a donor site to cover a wound

Skin graft

A common and chronic skin disorder in which keratinocytes divide more quickly than normal from the stratum basale to the statrum corneum. The are shed prematurly in as little as 7 to 10 days. The immature keratinocytes make an abnormal keratin, which forms flaky, silvery scales at the skin surface, most often on the knees, elbows, and scalp (dandruff).

Psoriasis

A form of internal scarring that results from the internal damage to the dermis that occurs when the skin is stretched too much

Stretch marks or striae

Areas in the skin that indicate predominant direction of underlying collagen fibers

Tension lines (lines of cleavage)

The inherited inability of an individual to produce melanin

Albinism

The partial or complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin produces irregular white spots

Vitiligo

When blood is not picking up an adequate amount of oxygen from the lungs, as in someone who has stopped breathing, the mucous membranes, nail beds, and skin appear bluish in color. This coloring is also known as?

Cyanotic

A buildup of yellow pigment bilirubin in the skin. This condition gives a yellowish appearance to the skin and the white of the eyes, and usually indicates liver disease

Jaundice

Reddness of the skin, caused by engorgement of capillaries in the dermis with blood due to skin injury, exposure to heat, infection, inflammation, or allergic reactions

Erythema

Paleness of the skin, may occur in conditions such as shock and anemia

Pallor

A substance that removes hair

Depilatory

Treatment in which an electrical current is used to destroy the hair matrix so the hair cannot regrow

Electrolysis

Treatment of disease, usually cancer, by means of chemical substances or drugs

Chemotherapy

Excessive body hair or body hair in areas that usually are not hairy

Hirsutism

Common form of baldness

Androgenic alopecia or male-pattern baldness

An inflammation of sebaceous glands that usually begins at puberty, when the sebaceous glands are stimulated by androgens

Acne

When people produce abnormally large amounts of cerumen in the external auditory canal.

Impacted cerumen

Enables a drug contained within an adhesive skin patch to pass across the epidermis and into the blood vessels of the dermis

Transdermal (transcutaneous) drug administration

A heightened reaction of the skin after consumption of certain medications or contact with certain substances

Photosensitivity

Accounts for about 78% of all skin cancers; the turmors arise from cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis and rarely metastasize

Basal cell carcinomas

Accounts for about 20% of all skin cancers; arises from the stratum spinsoum of the epidermis, and has a variable tendency to metastasize

Squamous cell carcinomas

Arise from melanocytes and account for about 2% of all skin cancers

Malignant melanomas

An area where skin has been scraped away

Abrasion

A collection of serous fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and dermis, due to short-term but severe friction

Blister

An area of hardened and thickened skin that is usually seen in palms and soles and is due to persistent pressure and friction

Callus

A lesion, usually in an oral mucous membrane, caused by Type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV) transmitted by oral or respiratory routes. The virus reamins dormant until triggered by factors such as ultraviolet light, hormonal changes, and emotional stress

Cold sore or fever blister

A collection of sebaceous material and dead cells in the hair follicle and excretory duct of the sebceous (oil) gland. Usually found over the face, chest, and back, and more commonly during adolescence.

Comedo or blackhead

Inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, itching, and swelling and caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals that bring about an allergic reaction, such as poison ivy toxin

Contact dermatitis

Condition in which tissue deep to the skin is damaged, but the epidermis is not broken

Contusion

A painful conical thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis found principally over toe joints and between the toes, often caused by friction or pressure

Corn

A sac with a distinct connective tissue wall, containing a fluid or other material

Cyst

An inflammation of the skin characterized by patches of red, blistering, dry, extremely itchy skin. It occurs mostly in skin creases in the wrists, backs of knees, fronts of elbows

Eczema

Local destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue on exposed surfaces as a result of extreme cold

Frostbite

Localized benign tumor of the skin and subcutaneous layer that results from an abnormal increase in blood vessels. One type is a **portwine stain**, a flat, pink, red, or purple lesion present at birth, usually at the nape of the neck

Hemangioma

Reddened elevated patches of skin that are often itchy. Most commonly caused by infections, physical trauma, medications, emotional stress, food additives, and certain food allergies

Hives or urticaria

An elevated, irregular darkened area of excess scar tissue caused by collagen formation during healing

Keloid

Formation of a hardened growth of epidermal tissue, such as *solar* *keratosis*, a premalignant lesion of the sun-exposed skin of the surface of the face and hands

Keratosis

An irregular tear of the skin

Laceration

A small, round skin elevation less than 1cm in diameter. One example is a pimple

Papule

Itching, one of the most common dermatological disoreders

Pruritus

A fungal infection chracterized by scaling, itching, and sometimes painful lesions that may appear on any part of the body, also konwn as **ringworm**

Tinea corporis

In reference to a medication, applied to the skin surface rather than ingested or injected

Topical

Mass produced by uncontrolled growth of epithelial skin cells; caused by a papillonmarvirus. Mostly noncancerous

Wart