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A&P I & II > Chapter 5-The Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5-The Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Intake of fluids or other substances by cells of the skin or mucous membranes; the passage of digested foods from the gastrointestinal tract into blood or lymph

A

Absorption

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2
Q

Abnormal, nonpathological, partical, or total absence of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes

A

Albinism

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3
Q

The partial or complete lack of hair as a result of factors such as genetics, aging, endocrine disorders, chemotherapy, and skin diseases

A

Alopecia

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4
Q

Smooth muscles attached to hairs; contraction pulls the hairs into a vertical position, resulting in “goose bumps”

A

Arrector pili

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5
Q

Systematic veins and venules that contain large amounts of blood that can be moved quickly to parts of the body requiring the blood

A

Blood reservoir

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6
Q

A growth of new bone tissue in and around a fractured area, ultimately replaced by mature bone. An acquired, localized thickening.

A

Callus

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7
Q

Antioxidant precursur of vitamin A, which is needed for synthesis of photopigments; yellow-orange pigment present in the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Accounts for the yellowish coloration of skin

A

Carotene or Beta-Carotene

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8
Q

Waxlike secretion produced by ceruminous glands in the external auditory meatus (ear canal).

A

Cerumen or ear wax

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9
Q

A modified sudoriferous (sweat) gland in the external auditory meatus that secretes cerumen (ear wax).

A

Ceruminous gland

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10
Q

Fingerlike projection of the papillary region of the dermis that may contain blood capillaries or corpuscles of touch (Meissner corpuscles).

A

Dermal papilla

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11
Q

The medical specialty dealing with diseases of the skin

A

Dermatology

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12
Q

A layer of dense irregular connective tissue lying deep to the epidermis

A

Dermis

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13
Q

The primary germ layer that gives rise to the nervous system and the epidermis of skin and its derivatives

A

Ectoderm

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14
Q

The ability of tissue to return to its original shape after contraction or extension

A

Elasticity

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15
Q

The superficial, thinner layer of skin, composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

A

Epidermis

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16
Q

Narrow brand of stratum corneum at the proximal border of a nail that extends form the margin of the nail wall. Also called the cuticle

A

Eponychium

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17
Q

Skin redness usually caused by dilation of the capillaries

A

Erythema

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18
Q

The process of eliminating waste products from the body; also the products excreted

A

Excretion

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19
Q

The ability of muscle tissue to stretch when it is pulled

A

Extensibility

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20
Q

A threadlike structure produced by hair follicles that develops in the dermis. Also called a pilus

A

Hair

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21
Q

Structure composed of eipthelium and surrounding the root of a hair from which hair develops

A

Hair follicle

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22
Q

A network of dendrites arranged around the root of a hair as free or naked nerve endings that are stimulated when a hair shaft is removed

A

Hair root plexus

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23
Q

A substance in red blood cells consisting of the protein globin and the iron-containing red pigment heme that transports most of the oxygen and some carbon dioxide in blood

A

Hemoglobin

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24
Q

An excessive growth of hair in femailes and children, with a distribution similar to that in adult males, due to the conversion of vellus hairs into large terminal hairs in response to higher-than-normal levels of androgens

A

Hirsutism

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25
Q

Free edge of the fingernail

A

Hyponychium

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26
Q

Localized, protective response to tissue injury designed to destroy, dilute, or wall of the infecting agent or injured tssue; characterized by redness, pain, heat, swelling, and sometime loss of function

A

Inflammation

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27
Q

Relating to the skin

A

Integumentary

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28
Q

A condition characterized by the yellowness of the skin, the white of the eyes, mucous membranes, and body fluids beacuse of a buildup of bilirubin

A

Jaundice

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29
Q

An insoluable protein found in the hair, nails, and other kertinized tissues of the epidermis

A

Keratin

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30
Q

The most numerous of the epidermal cells; produces keratin

A

Keratinocyte

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31
Q

Epidermal dendritic cell that functions as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) during an immune response

A

Langerhans cell

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32
Q

Fine downy hairs that cover the fetus

A

Lanugo

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33
Q

The moon-shaped white area at the base of a nail

A

Lunula

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34
Q

A dark black, brown, or yellow pigment found in some parts of the body of the hair such as the skin, hair, and pigmented layer of the retina

A

Melanin

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35
Q

A pigmented cell, located between or beneath cells of the deepest layer of the epidermis, that synthesizes melanin

A

Melanocyte

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36
Q

Type of cell in the epidermis of hairless skin that makes contact with a tactile (Merkel) disc, with functions in touch

A

Merkel cell

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37
Q

An embryonic connective tissue from which all other connective tissues arise

A

Mesenchyme

38
Q

The middle primary germ layer that gives rise to connective tissues, blood and blood vessels, and muscles

A

Mesoderm

39
Q

A hard plate, composed largely of keratin, that develops from the epidermis of the skin to form a protective covering on the dorsal surface of the distal phalanges of the fingers and toes

A

Nail

40
Q

The part of the nail beneath the body and root from which the nail is produced

A

Nail matrix

41
Q

An exocrine gland in the dermis of the skin, almost always associated with a hair follicle that secretes sebum. Also called an oil gland

A

Sebaceous gland

42
Q

Secretion of sebaceous (oil) glands

A

Sebum

43
Q

The external covering of the body that consists of a superficial, thinner epidermis (eipthelial tissue) and a deep, thicker dermis (connective tissue) that is anchored to the subcutaneous layer

A

Skin

44
Q

The layer of the endometrium next to the myometrium that is maintained during mensturation and gestation and produces a new stratum functionalis following menustration or parturition

A

Stratum basalis

45
Q

A continuous sheet of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue between the dermis of the skin and the deep fascia of the muscles. Also called the hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous layer

46
Q

An apocrine or eccrine exocrine gland in the dermis or subcutaneous layer that produces perspiration. Also called a sweat gland

A

Sudoriferous gland

47
Q

An association of organs that have a common function

A

System

48
Q

The transfer of a patch of healthy skin taken from a donor site to cover a wound

A

Skin graft

49
Q

A common and chronic skin disorder in which keratinocytes divide more quickly than normal from the stratum basale to the statrum corneum. The are shed prematurly in as little as 7 to 10 days. The immature keratinocytes make an abnormal keratin, which forms flaky, silvery scales at the skin surface, most often on the knees, elbows, and scalp (dandruff).

A

Psoriasis

50
Q

A form of internal scarring that results from the internal damage to the dermis that occurs when the skin is stretched too much

A

Stretch marks or striae

51
Q

Areas in the skin that indicate predominant direction of underlying collagen fibers

A

Tension lines (lines of cleavage)

52
Q

The inherited inability of an individual to produce melanin

A

Albinism

53
Q

The partial or complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin produces irregular white spots

A

Vitiligo

54
Q

When blood is not picking up an adequate amount of oxygen from the lungs, as in someone who has stopped breathing, the mucous membranes, nail beds, and skin appear bluish in color. This coloring is also known as?

A

Cyanotic

55
Q

A buildup of yellow pigment bilirubin in the skin. This condition gives a yellowish appearance to the skin and the white of the eyes, and usually indicates liver disease

A

Jaundice

56
Q

Reddness of the skin, caused by engorgement of capillaries in the dermis with blood due to skin injury, exposure to heat, infection, inflammation, or allergic reactions

A

Erythema

57
Q

Paleness of the skin, may occur in conditions such as shock and anemia

A

Pallor

58
Q

A substance that removes hair

A

Depilatory

59
Q

Treatment in which an electrical current is used to destroy the hair matrix so the hair cannot regrow

A

Electrolysis

60
Q

Treatment of disease, usually cancer, by means of chemical substances or drugs

A

Chemotherapy

61
Q

Excessive body hair or body hair in areas that usually are not hairy

A

Hirsutism

62
Q

Common form of baldness

A

Androgenic alopecia or male-pattern baldness

63
Q

An inflammation of sebaceous glands that usually begins at puberty, when the sebaceous glands are stimulated by androgens

A

Acne

64
Q

When people produce abnormally large amounts of cerumen in the external auditory canal.

A

Impacted cerumen

65
Q

Enables a drug contained within an adhesive skin patch to pass across the epidermis and into the blood vessels of the dermis

A

Transdermal (transcutaneous) drug administration

66
Q

A heightened reaction of the skin after consumption of certain medications or contact with certain substances

A

Photosensitivity

67
Q

Accounts for about 78% of all skin cancers; the turmors arise from cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis and rarely metastasize

A

Basal cell carcinomas

68
Q

Accounts for about 20% of all skin cancers; arises from the stratum spinsoum of the epidermis, and has a variable tendency to metastasize

A

Squamous cell carcinomas

69
Q

Arise from melanocytes and account for about 2% of all skin cancers

A

Malignant melanomas

70
Q

An area where skin has been scraped away

A

Abrasion

71
Q

A collection of serous fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and dermis, due to short-term but severe friction

A

Blister

72
Q

An area of hardened and thickened skin that is usually seen in palms and soles and is due to persistent pressure and friction

A

Callus

73
Q

A lesion, usually in an oral mucous membrane, caused by Type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV) transmitted by oral or respiratory routes. The virus reamins dormant until triggered by factors such as ultraviolet light, hormonal changes, and emotional stress

A

Cold sore or fever blister

74
Q

A collection of sebaceous material and dead cells in the hair follicle and excretory duct of the sebceous (oil) gland. Usually found over the face, chest, and back, and more commonly during adolescence.

A

Comedo or blackhead

75
Q

Inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, itching, and swelling and caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals that bring about an allergic reaction, such as poison ivy toxin

A

Contact dermatitis

76
Q

Condition in which tissue deep to the skin is damaged, but the epidermis is not broken

A

Contusion

77
Q

A painful conical thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis found principally over toe joints and between the toes, often caused by friction or pressure

A

Corn

78
Q

A sac with a distinct connective tissue wall, containing a fluid or other material

A

Cyst

79
Q

An inflammation of the skin characterized by patches of red, blistering, dry, extremely itchy skin. It occurs mostly in skin creases in the wrists, backs of knees, fronts of elbows

A

Eczema

80
Q

Local destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue on exposed surfaces as a result of extreme cold

A

Frostbite

81
Q

Localized benign tumor of the skin and subcutaneous layer that results from an abnormal increase in blood vessels. One type is a portwine stain, a flat, pink, red, or purple lesion present at birth, usually at the nape of the neck

A

Hemangioma

82
Q

Reddened elevated patches of skin that are often itchy. Most commonly caused by infections, physical trauma, medications, emotional stress, food additives, and certain food allergies

A

Hives or urticaria

83
Q

An elevated, irregular darkened area of excess scar tissue caused by collagen formation during healing

A

Keloid

84
Q

Formation of a hardened growth of epidermal tissue, such as solar keratosis, a premalignant lesion of the sun-exposed skin of the surface of the face and hands

A

Keratosis

85
Q

An irregular tear of the skin

A

Laceration

86
Q

A small, round skin elevation less than 1cm in diameter. One example is a pimple

A

Papule

87
Q

Itching, one of the most common dermatological disoreders

A

Pruritus

88
Q

A fungal infection chracterized by scaling, itching, and sometimes painful lesions that may appear on any part of the body, also konwn as ringworm

A

Tinea corporis

89
Q

In reference to a medication, applied to the skin surface rather than ingested or injected

A

Topical

90
Q

Mass produced by uncontrolled growth of epithelial skin cells; caused by a papillonmarvirus. Mostly noncancerous

A

Wart

91
Q
A
92
Q
A

A&P I & II (16 decks)

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