Chapter 5-The Integumentary System Flashcards
Intake of fluids or other substances by cells of the skin or mucous membranes; the passage of digested foods from the gastrointestinal tract into blood or lymph
Absorption
Abnormal, nonpathological, partical, or total absence of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes
Albinism
The partial or complete lack of hair as a result of factors such as genetics, aging, endocrine disorders, chemotherapy, and skin diseases
Alopecia
Smooth muscles attached to hairs; contraction pulls the hairs into a vertical position, resulting in “goose bumps”
Arrector pili
Systematic veins and venules that contain large amounts of blood that can be moved quickly to parts of the body requiring the blood
Blood reservoir
A growth of new bone tissue in and around a fractured area, ultimately replaced by mature bone. An acquired, localized thickening.
Callus
Antioxidant precursur of vitamin A, which is needed for synthesis of photopigments; yellow-orange pigment present in the stratum corneum of the epidermis. Accounts for the yellowish coloration of skin
Carotene or Beta-Carotene
Waxlike secretion produced by ceruminous glands in the external auditory meatus (ear canal).
Cerumen or ear wax
A modified sudoriferous (sweat) gland in the external auditory meatus that secretes cerumen (ear wax).
Ceruminous gland
Fingerlike projection of the papillary region of the dermis that may contain blood capillaries or corpuscles of touch (Meissner corpuscles).
Dermal papilla
The medical specialty dealing with diseases of the skin
Dermatology
A layer of dense irregular connective tissue lying deep to the epidermis
Dermis
The primary germ layer that gives rise to the nervous system and the epidermis of skin and its derivatives
Ectoderm
The ability of tissue to return to its original shape after contraction or extension
Elasticity
The superficial, thinner layer of skin, composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Epidermis
Narrow brand of stratum corneum at the proximal border of a nail that extends form the margin of the nail wall. Also called the cuticle
Eponychium
Skin redness usually caused by dilation of the capillaries
Erythema
The process of eliminating waste products from the body; also the products excreted
Excretion
The ability of muscle tissue to stretch when it is pulled
Extensibility
A threadlike structure produced by hair follicles that develops in the dermis. Also called a pilus
Hair
Structure composed of eipthelium and surrounding the root of a hair from which hair develops
Hair follicle
A network of dendrites arranged around the root of a hair as free or naked nerve endings that are stimulated when a hair shaft is removed
Hair root plexus
A substance in red blood cells consisting of the protein globin and the iron-containing red pigment heme that transports most of the oxygen and some carbon dioxide in blood
Hemoglobin
An excessive growth of hair in femailes and children, with a distribution similar to that in adult males, due to the conversion of vellus hairs into large terminal hairs in response to higher-than-normal levels of androgens
Hirsutism
Free edge of the fingernail
Hyponychium
Localized, protective response to tissue injury designed to destroy, dilute, or wall of the infecting agent or injured tssue; characterized by redness, pain, heat, swelling, and sometime loss of function
Inflammation
Relating to the skin
Integumentary
A condition characterized by the yellowness of the skin, the white of the eyes, mucous membranes, and body fluids beacuse of a buildup of bilirubin
Jaundice
An insoluable protein found in the hair, nails, and other kertinized tissues of the epidermis
Keratin
The most numerous of the epidermal cells; produces keratin
Keratinocyte
Epidermal dendritic cell that functions as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) during an immune response
Langerhans cell
Fine downy hairs that cover the fetus
Lanugo
The moon-shaped white area at the base of a nail
Lunula
A dark black, brown, or yellow pigment found in some parts of the body of the hair such as the skin, hair, and pigmented layer of the retina
Melanin
A pigmented cell, located between or beneath cells of the deepest layer of the epidermis, that synthesizes melanin
Melanocyte
Type of cell in the epidermis of hairless skin that makes contact with a tactile (Merkel) disc, with functions in touch
Merkel cell
An embryonic connective tissue from which all other connective tissues arise
Mesenchyme
The middle primary germ layer that gives rise to connective tissues, blood and blood vessels, and muscles
Mesoderm
A hard plate, composed largely of keratin, that develops from the epidermis of the skin to form a protective covering on the dorsal surface of the distal phalanges of the fingers and toes
Nail
The part of the nail beneath the body and root from which the nail is produced
Nail matrix
An exocrine gland in the dermis of the skin, almost always associated with a hair follicle that secretes sebum. Also called an oil gland
Sebaceous gland
Secretion of sebaceous (oil) glands
Sebum
The external covering of the body that consists of a superficial, thinner epidermis (eipthelial tissue) and a deep, thicker dermis (connective tissue) that is anchored to the subcutaneous layer
Skin
The layer of the endometrium next to the myometrium that is maintained during mensturation and gestation and produces a new stratum functionalis following menustration or parturition
Stratum basalis
A continuous sheet of areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue between the dermis of the skin and the deep fascia of the muscles. Also called the hypodermis
Subcutaneous layer
An apocrine or eccrine exocrine gland in the dermis or subcutaneous layer that produces perspiration. Also called a sweat gland
Sudoriferous gland
An association of organs that have a common function
System
The transfer of a patch of healthy skin taken from a donor site to cover a wound
Skin graft
A common and chronic skin disorder in which keratinocytes divide more quickly than normal from the stratum basale to the statrum corneum. The are shed prematurly in as little as 7 to 10 days. The immature keratinocytes make an abnormal keratin, which forms flaky, silvery scales at the skin surface, most often on the knees, elbows, and scalp (dandruff).
Psoriasis
A form of internal scarring that results from the internal damage to the dermis that occurs when the skin is stretched too much
Stretch marks or striae
Areas in the skin that indicate predominant direction of underlying collagen fibers
Tension lines (lines of cleavage)
The inherited inability of an individual to produce melanin
Albinism
The partial or complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin produces irregular white spots
Vitiligo
When blood is not picking up an adequate amount of oxygen from the lungs, as in someone who has stopped breathing, the mucous membranes, nail beds, and skin appear bluish in color. This coloring is also known as?
Cyanotic
A buildup of yellow pigment bilirubin in the skin. This condition gives a yellowish appearance to the skin and the white of the eyes, and usually indicates liver disease
Jaundice
Reddness of the skin, caused by engorgement of capillaries in the dermis with blood due to skin injury, exposure to heat, infection, inflammation, or allergic reactions
Erythema
Paleness of the skin, may occur in conditions such as shock and anemia
Pallor
A substance that removes hair
Depilatory
Treatment in which an electrical current is used to destroy the hair matrix so the hair cannot regrow
Electrolysis
Treatment of disease, usually cancer, by means of chemical substances or drugs
Chemotherapy
Excessive body hair or body hair in areas that usually are not hairy
Hirsutism
Common form of baldness
Androgenic alopecia or male-pattern baldness
An inflammation of sebaceous glands that usually begins at puberty, when the sebaceous glands are stimulated by androgens
Acne
When people produce abnormally large amounts of cerumen in the external auditory canal.
Impacted cerumen
Enables a drug contained within an adhesive skin patch to pass across the epidermis and into the blood vessels of the dermis
Transdermal (transcutaneous) drug administration
A heightened reaction of the skin after consumption of certain medications or contact with certain substances
Photosensitivity
Accounts for about 78% of all skin cancers; the turmors arise from cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis and rarely metastasize
Basal cell carcinomas
Accounts for about 20% of all skin cancers; arises from the stratum spinsoum of the epidermis, and has a variable tendency to metastasize
Squamous cell carcinomas
Arise from melanocytes and account for about 2% of all skin cancers
Malignant melanomas
An area where skin has been scraped away
Abrasion
A collection of serous fluid within the epidermis or between the epidermis and dermis, due to short-term but severe friction
Blister
An area of hardened and thickened skin that is usually seen in palms and soles and is due to persistent pressure and friction
Callus
A lesion, usually in an oral mucous membrane, caused by Type 1 herpes simplex virus (HSV) transmitted by oral or respiratory routes. The virus reamins dormant until triggered by factors such as ultraviolet light, hormonal changes, and emotional stress
Cold sore or fever blister
A collection of sebaceous material and dead cells in the hair follicle and excretory duct of the sebceous (oil) gland. Usually found over the face, chest, and back, and more commonly during adolescence.
Comedo or blackhead
Inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, itching, and swelling and caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals that bring about an allergic reaction, such as poison ivy toxin
Contact dermatitis
Condition in which tissue deep to the skin is damaged, but the epidermis is not broken
Contusion
A painful conical thickening of the stratum corneum of the epidermis found principally over toe joints and between the toes, often caused by friction or pressure
Corn
A sac with a distinct connective tissue wall, containing a fluid or other material
Cyst
An inflammation of the skin characterized by patches of red, blistering, dry, extremely itchy skin. It occurs mostly in skin creases in the wrists, backs of knees, fronts of elbows
Eczema
Local destruction of skin and subcutaneous tissue on exposed surfaces as a result of extreme cold
Frostbite
Localized benign tumor of the skin and subcutaneous layer that results from an abnormal increase in blood vessels. One type is a portwine stain, a flat, pink, red, or purple lesion present at birth, usually at the nape of the neck
Hemangioma
Reddened elevated patches of skin that are often itchy. Most commonly caused by infections, physical trauma, medications, emotional stress, food additives, and certain food allergies
Hives or urticaria
An elevated, irregular darkened area of excess scar tissue caused by collagen formation during healing
Keloid
Formation of a hardened growth of epidermal tissue, such as solar keratosis, a premalignant lesion of the sun-exposed skin of the surface of the face and hands
Keratosis
An irregular tear of the skin
Laceration
A small, round skin elevation less than 1cm in diameter. One example is a pimple
Papule
Itching, one of the most common dermatological disoreders
Pruritus
A fungal infection chracterized by scaling, itching, and sometimes painful lesions that may appear on any part of the body, also konwn as ringworm
Tinea corporis
In reference to a medication, applied to the skin surface rather than ingested or injected
Topical
Mass produced by uncontrolled growth of epithelial skin cells; caused by a papillonmarvirus. Mostly noncancerous
Wart
