Chapter 6 Skeletal System: Bone Tissue

Question 1

The membrane that covers cartilage.

Answer 1

Perichondrium

Question 2

Blood cell production, which occurs in red bone marrow after birth. Also called hematopoiesis.

Answer 2

Hemopoiesis

Question 3

a small channel or canal as in bones, where they connect lacuae. Plural is canaliculi

Answer 3

Canaliculus

Question 4

Growth due to surface of material as in the growth in diameter of cartilage and bone. Also called exogenous growth

Answer 4

Appositional growth

Question 5

a highly coecitve tissue located in microscopic spaces between trabeculae of spongy bone tissue

Answer 5

Red Bone Marrow

Question 6

Any break in a bone

Answer 6

Fracture

Question 7

A hormone secreted by the chief (principal) cells of the parathyroid glands that increases blood calcium level and decreases blood phosphate level

Answer 7

Parathyroid hormone

Question 8

Loss of calcium and phosphorus from bones

Answer 8

Demineralization

Question 9

The membrane that covers bone and consists of connective tissue, osteogenic cells, and osteoblasts; is essential for bone growth, repair and nutrition.

Answer 9

Periosteum

Question 10

The study of bones

Answer 10

Osteology

Question 11

Deposition of minerals salts, primarily hydroxyapatite, in a framework formed by collagen fibers in which the tissue hardens. Also called mineralization.

Answer 11

Calcification

Question 12

The basic unit of structure in adult compact bone, consisting of a central (haversain) canal with its concentrically arranged lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes, and canaliculi. Also called a haversain system.

Answer 12

Osteon

Question 13

The membrane that lines the medullary (marrow) cavity of bones, consisting of osteogenic cells and scattered osteoclasts.

Answer 13

Endosteum

Question 14

an area in the cartilage model of future bone where the cartilage cells hypertrophy, secrete enzymes that calcify their extracellular matrix, and die, and the area they occupied is invaded by osteoblasts that then lay down bone.

Answer 14

Ossification center

Question 15

Age related disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased susceptibility to fractures often as a result of decreased levels of estrogens.

Answer 15

Osteoporosis

Question 16

the method of bone formation in which the bone is formed directly in mesenchyme arranged sheet like layers that resemble membranes.

Answer 16

Intramembranous ossification

Question 17

a hormone produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland that can lower the amount of blood calcium and phosphate by inhibiting bone resorption (breakdown of bone extracellular matrix) and by acceleration uptake of calcium and phosphates into bone matrix.

Answer 17

calcitonin

Question 18

The shaft of a long bone

Answer 18

Diaphysis

Question 19

The hyaline cartliage plate in the metaphysis of a long bone; site of lengthwise growth of long bones

Answer 19

Epiphyseal plate

Question 20

The space within the diaphysis of a bone that contains yellow bone marrow. Also called the marrow cavity

Answer 20

Medullary cavity

Question 21

Growth from within, as in the growth of cartilage. Also called endogenous growth.

Answer 21

Interstitial growth

Question 22

Irregular latticework of thin plates of spongy bone tissue. Fibrous cord of connective tissue serving as supporting fiber by forming a septum extending into an organ from its wall or capsule.

Answer 22

Trabecula

Question 23

A minute passageway by means of which blood vessels and nerves from the periosteum penetrate into compact bone. Also called Volkmann’s canal.

Answer 23

Perforating canal

Question 24

The remnant of the epiphyseal plate in the metaphysics of a long bone.

Answer 24

Epiphyseal line

Question 25

Bone tissue that consists of an irregular latticework of thin plates of bone called trabeculae; spaces between trabecular of some bones are filled with red bone marrow; found inside short, flat and irregular bones and in the epiphyses (ends) of long bones.

Answer 25

Spongy bone tissue

Question 26

Formation of bone. Also called osteogenesis.

Answer 26

Ossification

Question 27

The replacement of cartilage by bone. Also called intracartilaginous ossification.

Answer 27

Endochondral ossification

Question 28

Stem cell derived from mesenchyme that has mitotic potential and the ability to differentiate into osteoblast.

Answer 28

Osteogenic cell

Question 29

Hyaline cartilage attached to articular bone surfaces.

Answer 29

Articular cartilage

Question 30

a small, hollow space,, such as that found in bones in which the osteocytes lie.

Answer 30

Lacuna

Question 31

Microscopic tube running the length of the spinal cord in the gray commissure. A circular channel running longitudinally in the center of an osteon (haversian system) of mature compact bone, containing blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves. Also called an haversian canal.

Answer 31

Central canal

Question 32

Bone tissue that contains few spaces between osteons (haversian systems); forms the external portion of all bones and the bulk of diaphysis (shaft) of long bones; is found immediately deep into the periosteum and external to spongy bone.

Answer 32

Compact bone tissue