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A&P I & II > Chapter 17-The Special Senses > Flashcards

Chapter 17-The Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

A saclike dilation of a canal or duct

A

Ampulla

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2
Q

The watery fluid, similar in composition to the cerebrospinal fluid, that fills the anterior cavity of the eye

A

Aqueous humor

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3
Q

An irregularity of the lens or cornea of the eye causing the image to be out of focus and producing fault vision

A

Astigmatism

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4
Q

One of the three small bones of the middle ear called the malleus, incus, and stapes

A

Auditory ossicle

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5
Q

The tube that connects the middle ear with the nose and nasopharynx region of the throat. Also called the eustachian tube or pharyngotympanic tube

A

Auditory tube

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6
Q

A membrane in the cochlea of the internal ear that separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani and on which the spiral organ (organ of Corti) rests

A

Basilar membrane

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7
Q

Area in the retina at the end of the optic (II) nerve in which there are no photoreceptors

A

Blind spot

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8
Q

A series of cavities within the petrous portion of the temporal bone forming the vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals of the inner ear

A

Bony labyrinth

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9
Q

Loss of transparency of the lens of the eye or its capsule or both

A

Cataract

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10
Q

Waxlike secretion produced by the ceruminous glands in the external auditory meatus (ear canal)

A

Cerumen or ear wax

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11
Q

A modified sudoriferous (sweat) gland in the external auditory meatus that secretes cerumen

A

Ceruminous gland

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12
Q

One of the vascular coats of the eyeball

A

Choroid

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13
Q

One of the three parts of the vascular tunic of the eyeball, the others being the choroid and the iris; includes the ciliary muscle and the ciliary processes

A

Ciliary body

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14
Q

A winding, cone-shaped tube forming a portion of the inner ear and containing the spiral organ (organ of Corti)

A

Cochlea

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15
Q

The membranous cochlea consisting of a spirally arranged tube enclosed in the bony cochlea and lying along its outer wall

A

Cochlear duct or scala media

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16
Q

The type of photoreceptor in the retina that is specialized for highly acute color vision in the bright light

A

Cone

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17
Q

The delicate membrane covering the eyeball and lining the eyes

A

Conjunctiva

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18
Q

A synaptic arrangement in which the synaptic end bulbs of several presynaptic neurons terminate on one postsynaptic neuron. The medial movement of the two eyeballs so that the both are directed toward a near object being viewed in order to produce a single image

A

Convergence

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19
Q

The nonvascular, transparent fibrous coat through which the iris of the eye can be seen

A

Cornea

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20
Q

A crest or ridged structure. A small elevation in the ampulla of each semicircular duct that contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium

A

Crista

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21
Q

A mass of gelatinous material covering the hair cells of a crista; a sensory receptor in the ampulla of a semicircular canal stimulated when the head moves

A

Cupula

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22
Q

The maintenance of body position, mainly the head, in response to sudden movements such as rotation

A

Dynamic equilibrium

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23
Q

The primary germ layer that gives rise to the nervous system and the epidermis of skin and its derivatives

A

Ectoderm

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24
Q

A primary germ layer of the developing embryo; gives rise to the gastrointestinal tract, urinary bladder, urethra, and respiratory tract

A

Endoderm

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25
Q

A curved tube in the temporal bone that leads to the middle ear

A

External auditory canal or external auditory meatus

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26
Q

The outer ear, consisting of the pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane (eardrum)

A

External ear

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27
Q

The hairy ridge superior to the eye

A

Eyebrow

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28
Q

The superficial coat of the eyeball, made up of the posterior sclera and the anterior cornea

A

Fibrous tunic

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29
Q

One of the conical projections that are distributed in parallel rows over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and lack taste buds

A

Filiform papilla

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30
Q

A mushroomlike elevation on the upper surface of the tongue appearing as a red dot; most contain taste buds

A

Fungiform papilla

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31
Q

Usually, a group of neuronal cell bodies lying outside the central nervous system

A

Ganglion

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32
Q

An eye disorder in which there is increased intraocular pressure due to an excess of aqueous humor

A

Glaucoma

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33
Q

The inner ear of the labyrinth, lying inside the temporal bone, containing the organs of hearing and balance

A

Internal ear

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34
Q

Pressure in the eyeball, produced mainly by aqueous humor

A

Intraocular pressure

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35
Q

The colored portion of the vascular tunic of the eyeball seen through the cornea that contains circular and radial smooth muscle

A

Iris

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36
Q

Intricate communicating passageway, especially in the internal eear

A

Labyrinth

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37
Q

A duct, one on each eyelid, beginning at the punctum at the medial margin of an eyelid and conveying tears medially into the nasolacrimal sac

A

Lacrimal canal

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38
Q

Secretory cells, located at the superior anterolateral portion of each orbit, that secrete tears into excretory ducts that open onto the surface of the conjuctiva

A

Lacrimal gland

39
Q

The superior expanded portion of the nasolacrimal duct that receives the tears from a lacrimal canal

A

Lacrimal sac

40
Q

A transparent organ constructed of proteins (crystallins) lying posterior to the pupil and iris of the eyeball and anterior to the vitreous body

A

Lens

41
Q

A bactericidal enzyme found in tears, saliva, and prespiration

A

Lysozyme

42
Q

A discolored spot or a colored area. A small, thickened region on the wall of the utricle and saccule that contains receptors for static equilibrium

A

Macula

43
Q

The yellow spot in the center of the retina

A

Macula lutea

44
Q

One of the three small bones of the middle ear called the auditory ossicle, incus, and stapes

A

Malleus

45
Q

The part of the labyrinth of the internal ear that is located inside the bony labyrinth and separated from it by the perilymph; made up of the semicircular ducts, the saccule and utricle, and the cochlear duct

A

Membranous labyrinth

46
Q

An embryonic connective tissue from which all other connective tissues arise

A

Mesenchyme

47
Q

A small, epithelial-lined cavity hollowed out of the temporal bone, separated from the external ear by the eardrum and from the internal ear by a thin bony partition containing the oval and round windows; extending across the middle ear are the three auditory ossicles.

A

Middle ear or tympanic cavity

48
Q

The central pillar or column of the cochlea

A

Modiolus

49
Q

Defect in vision in which objects can be seen distinctly only when very close to the eyes; nearsightedness

A

Myopia

50
Q

A canal that transports the lacrimal secretion (tears) from the nasolacrimal sac in the nose

A

Nasolacrimal duct

51
Q

A mass of gray matter containing cell bodies of neurons that form synapses with neurons of the olfactory (I) nerve, lying inferior to the frontal lob of the cerebrum on either side of the crista galli of the ethmoid bone

A

Olfactory bulb

52
Q

A bipolar neuron with its cell body lying between supporting cells located in the mucous membrane lining the superior portion of each nasal cavity; transduces odors into neural signals

A

Olfactory receptor

53
Q

A bundle of axons that extends from the olfactory bulb posteriorly to olfactory regions of the cerebral cortex

A

Olfactory tract

54
Q

The study of structure, function, and diseases of the eye

A

Ophthalmology

55
Q

A crossing point of two branches of the optic (II) nerve, anterior to the pituitary gland.

A

Optic chiasm

56
Q

A small area of the retina containing openings through which the axons of the ganglion cells emerge as the optic (II) nerve

A

Optic disc or blind spot

57
Q

A bundle of axons that carry nerve impulses from the retina of the eye between the optic chiasm and the thalamus

A

Optic tract

58
Q

The irregular margin of the retina lying internal and slightly posterior to the junction of the choroid and ciliary body

A

Ora serrata

59
Q

A particle of calcium carbonate embedded in the otolithic membrane that functions in maintaining static equilibrium

A

Otolith

60
Q

Thick, gelatinous, glycoprotein layer located directly over hair cells of the macula in the saccule and utricle of the internal ear

A

Otolithic membrane

61
Q

The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ears, nose, and throat

A

Otorhinolaryngology

62
Q

A small, membrane-covered opening between the middle ear and inner ear into which the footplate of the stapes fits

A

Oval window

63
Q

A small nipple-shaped projection of elevation

A

Papilla

64
Q

The fluid contained between the bony and membranous labyrinths of the inner ear

A

Perilymph

65
Q

A substance that can absorb light and undergo structural changes that can lead to the development of a receptor potential

A

Photopigment

66
Q

The projecting part of the external ear composed of elastic cartilage and covered by skin and shaped like the flared end of a trumpet

A

Pinna or auricle

67
Q

A loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye due to advancing age with resulting inability to focus clearly on near objects

A

Presbyopia

68
Q

A hole in the center of the iris, the area through which light enters the posterior cavity of the eyball

A

Pupil

69
Q

The deep coat of the posterior portion of the eyeball consisting of nervous tissue (where the process of vision begins) and a pigmented layer of epithelial cells that contact the choroid

A

Retina

70
Q

One of the two types of photoreceptor in the retina of the eye; specialized for vision in dim light

A

Rod

71
Q

A small opening between the middle and internal ear, directly inferior to the oval window, covered by the secondary tympanic membrane

A

Round window

72
Q

The inferior and smaller of the two chambers in the membranous labyrinth inside the vestibule of the internal ear containing a receptor organ for static equilibrium

A

Saccule

73
Q

The inferior spiral-shaped channel of the bony cochlea, filled with perilymph

A

Scala tympani

74
Q

The superior spiral-shaped channel of the bony cochlea, filled with perilymph

A

Scala vestibuli

75
Q

The white coat of fibrous tissues that forms the superficial protective covering over the eyeball except in th emost anterior portion; the posterior portion of the fibrous tunic

A

Sclera

76
Q

A circular venous sinus located at the junction of the sclera and the cornea through which the aqueous humor drains from the anterior chamber of the eyeball into the blood

A

Scleral venous sinus or canal of Schlemm

77
Q

An exocrine gland in the dermis of the skin, almost always associated with a hair follicle, that secretes sebum

A

Sebaceous gland or oil gland

78
Q

Three bony channels (anterior, posterior, lateral) filled with perilymph, in which lie the membranous semicircular canals filled with endolymph. They contain receptors for equilibirum

A

Semicircular canals

79
Q

The membranous semicircular canals filled with endolymph and floating in the perilymph of the bony semicircular canals; they contain cristae that are concerned with dynamic equilibrium

A

Semicircular ducts

80
Q

The organ of hearing, consisting of supporting cells and hair cells that rest on the basilar membrane and extend into the endolymph of the cochlear duct

A

Spiral organ or Corti

81
Q

The maintenance of posture in response to changes in the orientation of the body, mainly the head, relative to the ground

A

Static equilibrium

82
Q

A fold of peritoneum extending from the surface of the ovary to the pelvic wall

A

Suspensory ligament

83
Q

Sebaceous (oil) gland that opens on the edge of each eyelid

A

Tarsal gland or Meibomian gland

84
Q

A thin, elongated sheet of connective tissue, one in each eyelid, giving the eyelid form and support. The aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris is attached to the tarsal plate of the superior eyelid

A

Tarsal plate

85
Q

A gelatinous membrane projecting over and in contact with the hair cells of the spiral organ (organ of Corti) in the cochlear duct

A

Tectorial membrane

86
Q

A thin, semitransparent partition of fibrous connective tissue between the external auditory meatus and the middle ear

A

Tympanic membrane or eardrum

87
Q

The larger of the two divisions of the membranous labyrinth located inside the vestibule of the inner ear, containing a receptor organ for static equilibrium

A

Utricle

88
Q

One of the circular projections that is arranged in an inverted V-shaped row at the back of the tongue; the largest of the elevations on the upper surface of the tongue containing taste buds

A

Vallate papilla or circumvallate papilla

89
Q

The middle layer of the eyeball, composed of the choroid, ciliar body, and iris

A

Vascular tunic or uvea

90
Q

Collective term for the organs of equilibrium, which includes the saccule, utricle, and semicircular ducts

A

Vestibular apparatus

91
Q

The membrane that separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli

A

Vestibular membrane

92
Q

A small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal, especially the inner ear, larynx, mouth, nose, and vagina

A

Vestibule

93
Q

A soft, jellylike substance that fill the vitreous chamber of the eyeball, lying between the lens and the retina

A

Vitreous body

A&P I & II (16 decks)

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