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A&P I & II > Chapter 17-The Special Senses > Flashcards

Chapter 17-The Special Senses Flashcards

1
Q

A saclike dilation of a canal or duct

A

Ampulla

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2
Q

The watery fluid, similar in composition to the cerebrospinal fluid, that fills the anterior cavity of the eye

A

Aqueous humor

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3
Q

An irregularity of the lens or cornea of the eye causing the image to be out of focus and producing fault vision

A

Astigmatism

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4
Q

One of the three small bones of the middle ear called the malleus, incus, and stapes

A

Auditory ossicle

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5
Q

The tube that connects the middle ear with the nose and nasopharynx region of the throat. Also called the eustachian tube or pharyngotympanic tube

A

Auditory tube

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6
Q

A membrane in the cochlea of the internal ear that separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani and on which the spiral organ (organ of Corti) rests

A

Basilar membrane

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7
Q

Area in the retina at the end of the optic (II) nerve in which there are no photoreceptors

A

Blind spot

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8
Q

A series of cavities within the petrous portion of the temporal bone forming the vestibule, cochlea, and semicircular canals of the inner ear

A

Bony labyrinth

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9
Q

Loss of transparency of the lens of the eye or its capsule or both

A

Cataract

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10
Q

Waxlike secretion produced by the ceruminous glands in the external auditory meatus (ear canal)

A

Cerumen or ear wax

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11
Q

A modified sudoriferous (sweat) gland in the external auditory meatus that secretes cerumen

A

Ceruminous gland

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12
Q

One of the vascular coats of the eyeball

A

Choroid

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13
Q

One of the three parts of the vascular tunic of the eyeball, the others being the choroid and the iris; includes the ciliary muscle and the ciliary processes

A

Ciliary body

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14
Q

A winding, cone-shaped tube forming a portion of the inner ear and containing the spiral organ (organ of Corti)

A

Cochlea

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15
Q

The membranous cochlea consisting of a spirally arranged tube enclosed in the bony cochlea and lying along its outer wall

A

Cochlear duct or scala media

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16
Q

The type of photoreceptor in the retina that is specialized for highly acute color vision in the bright light

A

Cone

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17
Q

The delicate membrane covering the eyeball and lining the eyes

A

Conjunctiva

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18
Q

A synaptic arrangement in which the synaptic end bulbs of several presynaptic neurons terminate on one postsynaptic neuron. The medial movement of the two eyeballs so that the both are directed toward a near object being viewed in order to produce a single image

A

Convergence

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19
Q

The nonvascular, transparent fibrous coat through which the iris of the eye can be seen

A

Cornea

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20
Q

A crest or ridged structure. A small elevation in the ampulla of each semicircular duct that contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium

A

Crista

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21
Q

A mass of gelatinous material covering the hair cells of a crista; a sensory receptor in the ampulla of a semicircular canal stimulated when the head moves

A

Cupula

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22
Q

The maintenance of body position, mainly the head, in response to sudden movements such as rotation

A

Dynamic equilibrium

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23
Q

The primary germ layer that gives rise to the nervous system and the epidermis of skin and its derivatives

A

Ectoderm

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24
Q

A primary germ layer of the developing embryo; gives rise to the gastrointestinal tract, urinary bladder, urethra, and respiratory tract

A

Endoderm

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25
A curved tube in the temporal bone that leads to the middle ear
External auditory canal or external auditory meatus
26
The outer ear, consisting of the pinna, external auditory canal, and tympanic membrane (eardrum)
External ear
27
The hairy ridge superior to the eye
Eyebrow
28
The superficial coat of the eyeball, made up of the posterior sclera and the anterior cornea
Fibrous tunic
29
One of the conical projections that are distributed in parallel rows over the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and lack taste buds
Filiform papilla
30
A mushroomlike elevation on the upper surface of the tongue appearing as a red dot; most contain taste buds
Fungiform papilla
31
Usually, a group of neuronal cell bodies lying outside the central nervous system
Ganglion
32
An eye disorder in which there is increased intraocular pressure due to an excess of aqueous humor
Glaucoma
33
The inner ear of the labyrinth, lying inside the temporal bone, containing the organs of hearing and balance
Internal ear
34
Pressure in the eyeball, produced mainly by aqueous humor
Intraocular pressure
35
The colored portion of the vascular tunic of the eyeball seen through the cornea that contains circular and radial smooth muscle
Iris
36
Intricate communicating passageway, especially in the internal eear
Labyrinth
37
A duct, one on each eyelid, beginning at the punctum at the medial margin of an eyelid and conveying tears medially into the nasolacrimal sac
Lacrimal canal
38
Secretory cells, located at the superior anterolateral portion of each orbit, that secrete tears into excretory ducts that open onto the surface of the conjuctiva
Lacrimal gland
39
The superior expanded portion of the nasolacrimal duct that receives the tears from a lacrimal canal
Lacrimal sac
40
A transparent organ constructed of proteins (crystallins) lying posterior to the pupil and iris of the eyeball and anterior to the vitreous body
Lens
41
A bactericidal enzyme found in tears, saliva, and prespiration
Lysozyme
42
A discolored spot or a colored area. A small, thickened region on the wall of the utricle and saccule that contains receptors for static equilibrium
Macula
43
The yellow spot in the center of the retina
Macula lutea
44
One of the three small bones of the middle ear called the auditory ossicle, incus, and stapes
Malleus
45
The part of the labyrinth of the internal ear that is located inside the bony labyrinth and separated from it by the perilymph; made up of the semicircular ducts, the saccule and utricle, and the cochlear duct
Membranous labyrinth
46
An embryonic connective tissue from which all other connective tissues arise
Mesenchyme
47
A small, epithelial-lined cavity hollowed out of the temporal bone, separated from the external ear by the eardrum and from the internal ear by a thin bony partition containing the oval and round windows; extending across the middle ear are the three auditory ossicles.
Middle ear or tympanic cavity
48
The central pillar or column of the cochlea
Modiolus
49
Defect in vision in which objects can be seen distinctly only when very close to the eyes; nearsightedness
Myopia
50
A canal that transports the lacrimal secretion (tears) from the nasolacrimal sac in the nose
Nasolacrimal duct
51
A mass of gray matter containing cell bodies of neurons that form synapses with neurons of the olfactory (I) nerve, lying inferior to the frontal lob of the cerebrum on either side of the crista galli of the ethmoid bone
Olfactory bulb
52
A bipolar neuron with its cell body lying between supporting cells located in the mucous membrane lining the superior portion of each nasal cavity; transduces odors into neural signals
Olfactory receptor
53
A bundle of axons that extends from the olfactory bulb posteriorly to olfactory regions of the cerebral cortex
Olfactory tract
54
The study of structure, function, and diseases of the eye
Ophthalmology
55
A crossing point of two branches of the optic (II) nerve, anterior to the pituitary gland.
Optic chiasm
56
A small area of the retina containing openings through which the axons of the ganglion cells emerge as the optic (II) nerve
Optic disc or blind spot
57
A bundle of axons that carry nerve impulses from the retina of the eye between the optic chiasm and the thalamus
Optic tract
58
The irregular margin of the retina lying internal and slightly posterior to the junction of the choroid and ciliary body
Ora serrata
59
A particle of calcium carbonate embedded in the otolithic membrane that functions in maintaining static equilibrium
Otolith
60
Thick, gelatinous, glycoprotein layer located directly over hair cells of the macula in the saccule and utricle of the internal ear
Otolithic membrane
61
The branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the ears, nose, and throat
Otorhinolaryngology
62
A small, membrane-covered opening between the middle ear and inner ear into which the footplate of the stapes fits
Oval window
63
A small nipple-shaped projection of elevation
Papilla
64
The fluid contained between the bony and membranous labyrinths of the inner ear
Perilymph
65
A substance that can absorb light and undergo structural changes that can lead to the development of a receptor potential
Photopigment
66
The projecting part of the external ear composed of elastic cartilage and covered by skin and shaped like the flared end of a trumpet
Pinna or auricle
67
A loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye due to advancing age with resulting inability to focus clearly on near objects
Presbyopia
68
A hole in the center of the iris, the area through which light enters the posterior cavity of the eyball
Pupil
69
The deep coat of the posterior portion of the eyeball consisting of nervous tissue (where the process of vision begins) and a pigmented layer of epithelial cells that contact the choroid
Retina
70
One of the two types of photoreceptor in the retina of the eye; specialized for vision in dim light
Rod
71
A small opening between the middle and internal ear, directly inferior to the oval window, covered by the secondary tympanic membrane
Round window
72
The inferior and smaller of the two chambers in the membranous labyrinth inside the vestibule of the internal ear containing a receptor organ for static equilibrium
Saccule
73
The inferior spiral-shaped channel of the bony cochlea, filled with perilymph
Scala tympani
74
The superior spiral-shaped channel of the bony cochlea, filled with perilymph
Scala vestibuli
75
The white coat of fibrous tissues that forms the superficial protective covering over the eyeball except in th emost anterior portion; the posterior portion of the fibrous tunic
Sclera
76
A circular venous sinus located at the junction of the sclera and the cornea through which the aqueous humor drains from the anterior chamber of the eyeball into the blood
Scleral venous sinus or canal of Schlemm
77
An exocrine gland in the dermis of the skin, almost always associated with a hair follicle, that secretes sebum
Sebaceous gland or oil gland
78
Three bony channels (anterior, posterior, lateral) filled with perilymph, in which lie the membranous semicircular canals filled with endolymph. They contain receptors for equilibirum
Semicircular canals
79
The membranous semicircular canals filled with endolymph and floating in the perilymph of the bony semicircular canals; they contain cristae that are concerned with dynamic equilibrium
Semicircular ducts
80
The organ of hearing, consisting of supporting cells and hair cells that rest on the basilar membrane and extend into the endolymph of the cochlear duct
Spiral organ or Corti
81
The maintenance of posture in response to changes in the orientation of the body, mainly the head, relative to the ground
Static equilibrium
82
A fold of peritoneum extending from the surface of the ovary to the pelvic wall
Suspensory ligament
83
Sebaceous (oil) gland that opens on the edge of each eyelid
Tarsal gland or Meibomian gland
84
A thin, elongated sheet of connective tissue, one in each eyelid, giving the eyelid form and support. The aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris is attached to the tarsal plate of the superior eyelid
Tarsal plate
85
A gelatinous membrane projecting over and in contact with the hair cells of the spiral organ (organ of Corti) in the cochlear duct
Tectorial membrane
86
A thin, semitransparent partition of fibrous connective tissue between the external auditory meatus and the middle ear
Tympanic membrane or eardrum
87
The larger of the two divisions of the membranous labyrinth located inside the vestibule of the inner ear, containing a receptor organ for static equilibrium
Utricle
88
One of the circular projections that is arranged in an inverted V-shaped row at the back of the tongue; the largest of the elevations on the upper surface of the tongue containing taste buds
Vallate papilla or circumvallate papilla
89
The middle layer of the eyeball, composed of the choroid, ciliar body, and iris
Vascular tunic or uvea
90
Collective term for the organs of equilibrium, which includes the saccule, utricle, and semicircular ducts
Vestibular apparatus
91
The membrane that separates the cochlear duct from the scala vestibuli
Vestibular membrane
92
A small space or cavity at the beginning of a canal, especially the inner ear, larynx, mouth, nose, and vagina
Vestibule
93
A soft, jellylike substance that fill the vitreous chamber of the eyeball, lying between the lens and the retina
Vitreous body

A&P I & II (16 decks)

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