Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A&P I & II > Chapter 13-The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves > Flashcards

Chapter 13-The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

The structure composed of axons of motor (efferent) neurons that emerges from the anterior aspect of the spinal cord and extends laterally to join a posterior root, forming a spinal nerve.

A

Anterior root or ventral root

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The middle of the three meninges (coverings) of the brain and spinal cord.

A

Arachnoid mater or arachnoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Extension of the great toe, with or without fanning of the other toes, in response to stimulation of the outer margin of the sole; normal up to 18 months of age and indicative of damage to descending motor pathways such as the corticospinal tracts after that.

A

Babinski sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A network of nerve axons of the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1. The nerves that emerge from this structure supply the upper limb

A

Brachial plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A tail-like array of roots of spinal nerves at the inferior end of the spinal cord

A

Cauda equina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A microscopic tube running the length of the spinal cord in the gray commissure. A circular channel running longitudinally in the center of an osteon (haversian system) of mature compact bone, containing blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves.

A

Central canal or haversian canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A network formed by nerve axons from the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves and receiving gray rami communicantes form the superior cervical ganglion

A

Cervical plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The tapered portion of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargment

A

Conus medullaris

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The cutaneous area developed from one embryonic spinal cord segment and receiving most of its sensory innervation from one spinal nerve. An instrument for incising the skin or cutting thin transplants of skin

A

Dermatome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The outermost of the three meninges (coverings) of the brain and spinal cord

A

Dura meter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

An organ of the body, either a muscle or a gland, that is innervated by somatic or autonomic motor neurons

A

Effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Connective tissue wrapping around individual nerve axons

A

Endoneurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A space between the spinal dura mater and the vertebral canal, containing areolar connective tissue and a plexus of veins

A

Epidural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The superficial connective tissue covering around an entire nerve

A

Epineurium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A small bundle or cluster, especially of nerve or muscle fibers (cells).

A

Fascicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Non-nervous fibrous tissue of the spinal cord that extends inferiorly from the conus medullaris to the coccyx

A

Filum terminale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A narrow strip of gray matter connecting the two lateral gray masses within the spinal cord

A

Gray commissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Paralysis of the upper limb, trunk, and lower limb on one side of the body

A

Hemiplegia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

An area of gray matter (anterior, lateral, or posterior) in the spinal cord

A

Horn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A network formed by the anterior (ventral) branches of spinal nerves L1 through L4

A

Lumbar plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Three membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, called the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

A

Meninges (singular is meninx)

22
Q

Neurons that conduct impulses from the brain toward the spinal cord or out of the brain and spinal cord into cranial or spinal nerves to effectors that may be either muscles or glands

A

Motor neurons or efferent neurons

23
Q

An encapsulated proprioceptor in a skeletal muscle, consisting of specialized intrafusal muscle fibers and nerve endings; stimulated by changes in length or tension of muscle fibers

A

Muscle spindle

23
Q

An encapsulated proprioceptor in a skeletal muscle, consisting of specialized intrafusal muscle fibers and nerve endings; stimulated by changes in length or tension of muscle fibers

A

Muscle spindle

24
Q

A sustained, partial contraction of portions of a skeletal or smooth muscle in response to activation of stretch receptors or a baseline level of action potentials in the innervating motor neurons

A

Muscle tone

24
Q

A sustained, partial contraction of portions of a skeletal or smooth muscle in response to activation of stretch receptors or a baseline level of action potentials in the innervating motor neurons

A

Muscle tone

25
Q

Paralysis of both lower limbs

A

Paraplegia

25
Q

Paralysis of both lower limbs

A

Paraplegia

26
Q

Connective tissue wrapping around fascicles in a nerve

A

Perineurium

26
Q

Connective tissue wrapping around fascicles in a nerve

A

Perineurium

27
Q

The innermost of the three meninges (coverings) of the brain and spinal cord

A

Pia mater

27
Q

The innermost of the three meninges (coverings) of the brain and spinal cord

A

Pia mater

28
Q

A network of nerves, veins, or lymphatic vessels

A

Plexus

28
Q

A network of nerves, veins, or lymphatic vessels

A

Plexus

29
Q

Paralysis of four limbs; two upper and two lower

A

Quadriplegia

29
Q

Paralysis of four limbs; two upper and two lower

A

Quadriplegia

30
Q

Branches of a spinal nerve

A

Rami communicantes (singular is ramus communicans)

30
Q

Branches of a spinal nerve

A

Rami communicantes (singular is ramus communicans)

31
Q

Fast response to a change (stimulus) in the internal or external environment that attempts to restore homeostasis

A

Reflex

32
Q

A space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater that surrounds the brain and spinal cord and through which the cerebrospinal fluid circulates

A

Subarachnoid space

33
Q

Inflammation and pain along the sciatic nerve; felt along the posterior aspect of the thigh extending down the inside of the leg

A

Sciatica

34
Q

Neurons that carry sensory information from cranial and spinal nerves into the brain and spinal cord or from a lower to higher level in the spinal cord and brain

A

Sensory neurons or afferent neurons

35
Q

A mass of nerve tissue located in the vertebral canal from with 31 pairs of spinal nerves originate

A

Spinal cord

36
Q

One of the 31 pairs of nerves that originate on the spinal cord from posterior and anterior roots

A

Spinal nerve

37
Q

A period from several days to several weeks following transection of the spinal cord that is characterized by the abolition of all reflex activity

A

Spinal shock

38
Q

Sensory (ascending) tracts that convey information up the spinal cord to the thalamus for sensations of pain, temperature, crude touch, and deep pressure

A

Spinothalamic tracts

39
Q

Any stress that changes a controlled condition; any change in the internal or external environment that excites a sensory receptor, a neuron, or a muscle fiber

A

Stimulus

40
Q

A space between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater that surrounds the brain and spinal cord and through which the cerebrospinal fluid circulates

A

Subarachnoid space

41
Q

A space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater of the brain and spinal cord that contains a small amount of fluid

A

Subdural space

42
Q

A polysynaptic, ipsilateral reflex that protects tendons and their associated muscles from damage that might be brought about by excessive tension. The receptors involved are called tendon organs (Golgi tendon organs)

A

Tendon reflex

43
Q

A bundle of nerve axons in the central nervous system

A

Tract

44
Q

The part of the body to which the upper and lower limbs are attached

A

Trunk

A&P I & II (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions