Chapter 9 - Group Cohesion Flashcards
1
Q
What is group dynamics?
A
- gaining knowledge of the nature of groups & their development, & the interrelationships of groups with individuals, other groups, & larger institutions
2
Q
What is assembly effect?
A
- variations in group behaviour that are a result of the particular combinations of individuals in the group
- individuals contribute differently to a groups outcome depending on the particular assignment of individuals to the group
3
Q
What is the importance of groups?
A
- Their number
- Their influence on individual behaviour
- Their prevalence in sport
- Fact that they satisfy a fundamental need
4
Q
What are 3 factors of group effectiveness ?
A
- communication
- decision making
- cohesion
5
Q
What is group communication?
A
- providing opportunities to socialize to increase comfort levels among players
- arrange the dressing room so that players are close enough to talk to each other easily
- promote cooperation and reduce rivalry by focusing on group goals and de-emphasizing personal goals and objectives.
6
Q
What is group decision making?
A
- decision made by the group should be better than one made by individuals
- it is generally believed that the group possesses more resources to inform a decision than any one individual member does
- i.e., two heads are better than one
7
Q
What is group cohesion?
A
- Dynamic process which reflects tendency for a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives and/or for the satisfaction of member affective needs
- the study of cohesion has revealed that enhanced levels of cohesion are associated with key outcomes for both the individual and the team in the sport setting
8
Q
What is majority rule?
A
- A rule of decision making in groups based on the principles of equal participation and equal power for all members
9
Q
What is groupthink?
A
- members of a cohesive group so strongly desire a unanimous decision that it overrides their motivation to realistically evaluate other possible options
10
Q
What are fundamentals of a group?
A
- Is manifested in countless situations
- Influences our thoughts and emotions; affects health if not satisfied
- Is present in all people
- Influences behaviour
11
Q
What are 5 example that are not part of a group?
A
- A statistical grouping
- Unorganized collections
- Subculture
- Organizations
- Associations
12
Q
What are 5 general types of a group?
A
- The group defined by COMMON FATE
- The group defined by MUTUAL BENEFIT
- The group defined by SOCIAL STRUCTURE
- The group defined by INTERACTION
- The group defined by SELF CATEGORIZATION
13
Q
What are 4 characteristics of group cohesion?
A
- Dynamic not static
- Factors that hold groups together are varied and numerous – multidimensional in nature
- Instrumental in nature - all groups form for a reason
- Affective reasons – strong emotional ties among group members
14
Q
What are sociograms?
A
- diagrams of the relationships among group members
15
Q
What is sociometry?
A
- a research technique that graphs & mathematically summarizes patterns of inter-member relationships
16
Q
What is the multidimensional construct model of group cohesion?
A
- broken down into 2 aspects:
- Individual aspects: Beliefs group members hold about personal benefits
- Group aspects: Beliefs members hold about the group as a collective
17
Q
What does individual & group aspects divide into?
A
- Task cohesion: Orientation towards achieving group’s objectives
- Social cohesion: Orientation towards developing and maintaining social relationships within group
18
Q
How does leadership correlate with group cohesion?
A
- creates Team Building
- creates Team building activities
- Team building enhances cohesion
19
Q
What is team building?
A
- Programs promoting increased sense of team unity and cohesiveness, enabling the team to work together more smoothly
20
Q
What are team building activities?
A
- Players bond during activity and improve ability to work as a team
- For entire season resulted in higher perceptions of cohesion
21
Q
What are 4 cohesion factors in sport groups?
A
- Individual attraction to the group-task
- Individual attraction to the group-social
- Group integration-task
- Group integration-social
22
Q
What is social support?
A
- Leader behaviours that are characterized by a concem for the welfare of the individual athletes, the fostering of a positive group atmosphere, and warm relationships with team members
23
Q
What is decision style?
A
- the degree to which a leader allows participation by subordinates in decision making
24
Q
What is autocratic style?
A
- a decision style that involves independent decision making & stresses personal authority on part of the leader
25
Q
What is democratic style?
A
- a decision style that allows participation by team members in joint decision making with the leader
26
Q
What is a transformational leader?
A
- going beyond one’s own self-interests with the purpose of empowering, inspiring, and giving those being led the confidence to achieve a higher level of functioning
27
Q
What is social loafing?
A
- the reduction in individual effort when individuals work collectively compared to when they work alone
28
Q
What is collective efficacy?
A
- a groups shared perception of the group’s capabilities to succeed at a given task
29
Q
What are mediators ?
A
- mechanisms that account for the effect of one variable on another variable
