Chapter 7.3 - Self-Talk Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 types of self-talk?
A
- self-talk
- instructional self-talk
- motivational self-talk
2
Q
What is self-talk ?
A
- a multidimensional phenomenon concerned with athletes’ verbalizations that are addressed to themselves,
- serves both instructional & motivational
3
Q
What is instructional self-talk?
A
- speech that individuals use for skill/strategy development, skill execution, & general performance improvement
- i.e., varsity tennis players use the cue words split and turn to improve their volleying technique at the net.
4
Q
What is motivational self-talk?
A
- The overt (open) or covert (non-open) speech that individuals use for mastery, arousal control, & drive
- athletes need to change “I can’t” to “I can” and “It’s difficult for me” to “It’s a challenge for me” if they want to be more successful
5
Q
What are the 3 types of Verbalization?
A
- Inner speech
- private speech
- social speech
6
Q
What is inner speech?
A
- the subjective experience of language in the absence of overt (open) & audible articulation
7
Q
What is private speech?
A
- speech spoken to oneself for communication, self-guidance, and self-regulation of behaviour
8
Q
What is social speech?
A
- speech used with the intent to communicate
9
Q
What are the 6 dimensions of self-talk?
A
- self-determined
- Verbalization
- valance
- direction
- intensity
- frequency
10
Q
What is the self-determined dimension of self-talk?
A
- How self-talk occurs
- Assigned <————> natural; meaning it is assigned to you or you do it naturally
11
Q
What is the Verbalization dimension of self-talk?
A
- the way self-talk is verbalized by athletes
- can be internal (thinking of yourself) or external (thinking of many factors outside yourself)
12
Q
What is the valance dimension of self-talk?
A
- the content of the self-talk; is it positive or negative
- the talk you give yourself will affect the way you perform
13
Q
What is the direction dimension of self-talk?
A
- the interpretation of self-talk; interpreted as more motivating pre-competition vs pre-practice
- Positively correlated with valence dimension
- motivating or de-motivating
14
Q
What is the intensity dimension of self-talk?
A
- Self-talk’s impact on motivation
- how much effect self-talk has on athletes’ motivation regardless of direction
- influence on self-talk on motivation can be better or worse (previous dimension)
- not at all motivating or extremely motivating?
15
Q
What is the frequency dimension of self-talk?
A
- How often self-talk is used
- As self-talk frequency increases, performance & effort increases
- is it Never used or used all the time
16
Q
What is the “when” of self talk?
A
- How often do you use self-talk in relation to your sport before a practice
17
Q
What is the “what” of self-talk?
A
- What % of your self-talk is positive in nature
- What % of your self-talk is neutral in nature
- What % of your self-talk is negative in nature
18
Q
What is the “why” of self talk?
A
- How often do you say things to yourself in practice to refine an already learned skill
19
Q
What is the “how” of self talk?
A
- How often do you combine self-talk with mental imagery when using self-talk to help learn/fine-tune a skill
20
Q
What is self-talk: task instruction?
A
- Athletes use both specific & general task instructions
21
Q
What are 3 techniques to reduce harmful self-talk?
A
- Thought stopping
- Changing negative to positive thoughts
- Cognitive restructuring
