Chapter 12 - Aging & Involvement Flashcards
By 2030, will the people over the age of 65 double or lessen?
- double
How much does the average life expectancy increase per year?
- every 3 months/year
- Canada has one of the longest life expectancies in the world
What does physical inactivity decrease?
- decreases quality of life
What is quality of life?
- an overall sense of well-being with a strong relation to a person’s health perceptions & ability to function
What is morbidity?
- the quality or state of being morbid or unhealthful
- many Canadians run the risk of spending a large portion of their senior years in morbidity
What component is used to try to keep seniors more active?
- physical literacy
What are 3 barriers to exercise for older adults?
- Physical & psychological barriers
- Existing health problem or pain
- No time (common excuse)
What are the top 3 exercises for older adults?
- walking
- gardening
- home exercise
What is compensation theory?
- aging based on the notion that age-related losses in one area can be offset by improvements in another area
What is the selective maintenance model?
- aging emphasizes the role of high-quality training & practice in acquiring & maintaining the domain specific characteristics required for high levels of skill
What is successful aging?
- concept intended to describe optimal conditions later in life
- i.e., avoiding disease/disability, high cognitive & physical functioning, engagement with life
What is dose-response relationship?
- greater involvement in physical activity promoted a greater likelihood of aging successfully
What are the 3 models of successful aging?
- biomedical model
- psychosocial model
- biographical model
What is the biomedical model?
- the medicalization of old age by viewing old age as primarily a physiological process
What is the psychosocial model?
- measure criteria & mental states
- an older adult who is aging successfully is one who adapts to his/her unique circumstances to achieve goals
What is the biographical model?
- older adults should individually define aging success based on what is meaningful in their lives
What is disidentification ?
- reconceptualizing your self-image to remove value associated with domain, thereby reducing the impact of negative performance in that domain
What is socioeconomic status?
- the relative position of a family on a societal hierarchy based on access to or control over wealth, prestige, & power
What are demographic & biological factors of physical activity in older adults ?
- age & gender
- males are more active than females
- socioeconomic status
What are behavioural attributes of physical activity in older adults ?
- patterns of lifespan behaviour; if active at a younger age, the more likely to be active once older
- alcohol consumption
- childhood physical activity
What are social & cultural factors of physical activity in older adults?
- behaviour expectations rooted in cultural beliefs
- women & cultural beliefs
What are Psychological, Cognitive, & Emotional Factors of physical activity in older adults?
- enjoyment; best predictor
- perceived health & fitness; believe they can’t participate because of functional limitations, but this may actually be perceived
What is self-efficacy in older adults?
- a central factor in individuals’ enthusiasm for different activities
- The higher the self-efficacy, the more likely to initiate & continue participation
- Self-efficacy feelings & participation have reciprocal relationship
What causes cognitive & physical decline with aging?
- result of long standing sedentary lifestyle or disease
- can also cause scaropenia
What is scaropenia?
- age-related deficiency in the amount of skeletal muscle tissue
- can maintain it, if not… it will be lost
What is the compensation model of skill maintenance?
- Although components of performance may decline, increase in a compensatory skill allow for stability of performance over time
What is maintenance of athletic performance ?
- Cognitive and motor skills more resistant than physiological factors
- Training profiles of Masters Athletes report differences in training volume and content
What are master athletes ?
- athletes who are typically aged 30 + competing at the masters level of sport competition
- Defies stereotypical views of aging
- Maintain high levels of physical & cognitive competency
- Individuals at highest level of performance but may not accurately reflect age-related decline of average individuals
When & where was the first worlds masters games?
- Toronto, 1985
