Chapter 4 - Stress, Emotion, & Coping In Sport & Exercise Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 8 negative emotions ?
A
- anger, anxiety, fright, guilt, shame, sadness, envy, jealousy
2
Q
What is emotion ?
A
- nature of the relationship between person & environment
3
Q
What is stress?
A
- Substantial imbalance between the physical & psychological demands & response capability
- failure to meet the demand has important consequences; i.e., when it matters
4
Q
How many stages of stress are there ?
A
- 4
5
Q
What is stage 1 of stress?
A
- environmental demand (physical & psychological)
- it is situation-based
- includes Sport type, Location, Importance of competition, Role
6
Q
What is stage 2 of stress?
A
- it is person-based that is the perception of environmental demand; Perceived = threat
- Personality & trait anxiety
- Goals & expectancies; outcome goals
- Uncertainty & surrounding outcome; >Uncertainty = > state anxiety & stress
- Beliefs & attitudes about success
- Experience & skill level
7
Q
What is stage 3 of stress?
A
- your stress response
- Arousal, state anxiety, muscle tension, attention changes
8
Q
What is stage 4 of stress?
A
- behavioural consequences (performance or outcome)
9
Q
What is primary appraisal ?
A
- an evaluation of what is at stake for a person in a situation
- Making a decision about the value of that situation; what is at risk
10
Q
What is secondary appraisal ?
A
- an evaluation of what can be done in the situation
- depends on an individuals available resources
11
Q
What is harm/loss appraisal ?
A
- an evaluation of a situation in which psychological damage has already been done & the loss is irrevocable
- i.e., can’t play university sports because your eligibility is up
12
Q
What is threat appraisal ?
A
- an evaluation or perception of a situation where an individuals anticipates harm might occur or will occur
- i.e., weightlifter attempts a heavy weight and is worried an injury might occur or they fail
13
Q
What is challenge appraisal ?
A
- an evaluation or perception of a situation that although there is obstacles, they can be overcome
- i.e., your body is sore for your game, but you push yourself to play through
14
Q
What are the 6 types of stressors?
A
- chronic & acute
- expected & unexpected
- competitive & non-competitive
15
Q
Chronic vs acute stressors? What are they?
A
- chronic stress is stress that occurs over a long period of time such as harassment, personal issues, or pain
- acute stress is sudden stress that occurs within a short period of time such as a physical or mental error in sport, being criticized, or a bad call by a ref
16
Q
Expected vs unexpected stressors? What are they?
A
- expected stress is something you can plan/prepare for
- unexpected stress is something you cannot plan/prepare for
17
Q
Competitive vs non-competitive stressors? What are they?
A
- competitive stress is something that is experienced prior to, during, or after competition such as mistakes in game, injury, or expectations
- non-competitive stress is related to sport but part of the actual competition such as dealing with media, travel issues, or rehabilitation
18
Q
What is reduce adherence ?
A
- High activation, low activation = Unpleasant affect
- happens because an individual is Tense, nervousness stressed, tired, bored, exhausted
19
Q
What is ideal adherence during physical activity ?
A
- High activation, low activation = pleasant affect
- occurs because an individual is Energetic, enthusiastic, clam, relaxed, serence
20
Q
What is coping?
A
- cognitive & behavioural efforts to manage specific external or internal demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of a person
21
Q
What are coping strategies ?
A
- Problem-focused
- Emotion-focused
- Avoidance coping
22
Q
What is problem-focused coping?
A
- efforts that help the individual change the situation
- I.e., changing lifestyle choices (diet)
23
Q
What is emotion-focused coping?
A
- efforts to change the way a situation is attended or interpreted
- i.e., convince yourself that no one cares about the exercise you are doing & how you are doing it
24
Q
What is avoidance coping?
A
- efforts in which athletes attempt to remove themselves from the situation
- i.e., don’t feel confident running on a treadmill, so use bike instead
25
Q
What are the 7 positive emotions ?
A
- happiness, pride, relief, hope, love, gratitude, compassion
