Chapter 15 - Physical Activity Interventions Flashcards
What is determinant research?
- examines the factors that affect exercise behaviour
What are determinants?
- factors that predict exercise behaviour
What are 6 determinant factors of exercise?
- genetic factors
- psychological factors
- social factors
- program factors
- environmental factors
- socioeconomic factors
What is intervention research?
- research that evaluates how manipulating important factors identified through determinant research affects exercise behaviour
What is outcome variable?
- a response that occurs as a consequence of being involved in physical activity
What is outcome-based exercise research?
- research that develops interventions & tests whether or not they positively affect exercise behaviour
What is treatment variable ?
- presented to an individual to see its effect on an outcome variable
What is treatment-based exercise research?
- research that modifies an individuals life experiences through the use of physical activity
What is theory-based research?
- interventions based on theoretically proposed relationships among constructs
What is non-theory-based research?
- interventions that are not based on theoretically proposed relationships
What are persuasive messages?
- behavioural change that provides specific belief-targeted information
What is attitude change?
- specific techniques geared at changing the beliefs that an individual holds toward physical activity
What are implementation intentions?
- mental associations between a situational cue & a specific behaviour
What is action planning?
- intentions are translated into action when people specifically plan when, where, & how to execute the behaviour (schwarzer, 2008)
What is barrier self-efficacy?
- confidence in ones ability to overcome barriers that may arise when participating in exercise
What is scheduling self-efficacy?
- confidence in ones ability to plan & organize exercises in ones life
What is task self-efficacy?
- confidence in ones ability to complete the exercise task
What is exercise self-efficacy?
- Confidence in ones ability to engage in physical activity
What is behavioural strategies?
- actions that an individual can do to increase the probability of engaging in PA
What is self-regulation?
- behaviour is self-directed & is initiated, monitored, & evaluated by the individual in a way that is consistent with accomplishing goals
What is behaviour monitoring?
- keeping track of exercise behaviour in a physical activity diary, chart & recording PA & related details
What is stage-matching interventions?
- strategies that are sensitive to the specific needs of the individual within different stages of change according to the trans-theoretical model
What is the trans-theoretical model (TTM)?
- individuals pass through district stages when attempting to change behaviours
What are the 6 stages of the trans-theoretical model (TTM)?
- Pre-contemplation - “I won’t/I can’t”, “pros < cons”
- Contemplation - “I might”, “pros < cons”
- Preparation - “I will”, “pros = cons”
- Action - “I am”, “pros > cons”
- Maintenance - “I have”, “pros > cons”
- Termination
What is autonomous ?
- individuals determine their own behaviour & not influenced by outside sources
What is coping planning?
- strategies that are developed to effectively manage potentially problematic or challenging situations
What is exergaming?
- physically active games that are played on gaming systems
What is mass media campaigns ?
- interventions that attempt to reach large numbers of individuals simultaneously through public forums
What is the expected outcome of the theory of blanked behaviour ?
- Belief that exercise will lead or will not lead to a given outcome
What is the outcome value of the theory of planed behaviour?
- Positive or negative evaluation placed on the outcome
- How we feel about exercise will predict our intent to exercise
What is subjective norm?
- Perceived pressures or support from individuals or groups to perform or not perform the behaviour
- A product of normative beliefs
What is the strength component of subjective norm?
- Perceptions of expectations of important others
What is perceived behavioural control?
A Product of:
- Control beliefs
- Facilitating & obstructing factors
- Perceived power of a control factor to facilitate or inhibit the behaviour
- How much control you believe you have over your behaviour
- All 3 effect our intention, which in the end effects our behaviour
What are 5 stages of behaviour change?
- Identifying the Behaviour
- Identifying a Problem
- Desiring a Change
- Feeling Confident about a Change
- Doing it
What is motivational interviewing?
- a method of communication used to help facilitate behaviour change by helping people consider their own reasons for wanting to engage in an new behaviour
- Empathizing with and empower the client to take steps towards change by affirming their strengths as well as the centrality of their initiative in lasting change
What are 3 components of motivational interviewing?
- Client-centred
- A non-judgemental tone & attitude helps clients be more open about their “pros & cons”
- Focus on the stage that the client is on
What is brownell et al example of motivational interviewing?
- Factor: Pre-intervention use of stairs - 5 to 6%, Use of stairs with sign displayed - 13 to 16%
- In a second study, brownell et al. Looked at the permanence of the behaviour change
- Results: 3 months after the sign was removed, behaviour went back to baseline level
- Overall: Match intervention to stage of change, Use techniques such as motivational interviewing to foster change, Use self-regulation and behavioural strategies, Alter the environment to decrease barriers to change
