Chapter 9 - Gender Dysphoria, Paraphilic Disorders, and Sexual Dysfunctions

Question 1

when is sexual behaviour labeled as abnormal?

Answer 1

when it deviates from the norms of one’s society, or is self-defeating, harms others, causes personal distress, or interferes with one’s ability to function

Question 2

what are the treatments for gender dysphoria? (4)

Answer 2

• hormone therapy
• living as the identified gender
• sex reassignment surgery
• psychotherapy

Question 3

where does Frotteurism usually occur?

Answer 3

in crowded places, such as subway cars, buses, or elevators

Question 4

what are the requirements for a diagnosis of pedophilic disorder?

Answer 4

must be at least 16 years old and at least 5 years older than the child or children toward whom they are sexually attracted or whom they have victimized

Question 5

what is the diagnostic indicator of pedophilic disorder?

Answer 5

the extensive use of child pornography

Question 6

what are the characteristics of men with pedophilic disorder? (3)

Answer 6

• usually otherwise law-abiding, respected citizens in their 30s or 40s
• most are married or divorced and have children of their own
• more likely than other kinds of sex offenders to have been sexually abused as children

Question 7

what are the effects of childhood sexual abuse? (6)

Answer 7

• psychological problems
• eating disorders
• premature sexual behaviour or promiscuity
• drug abuse
• suicide attempts
• ptsd

Question 8

what is telephone scatologia?

Answer 8

paraphilic disorder characterized by obscene phone calls

Question 9

what is necrophilia?

Answer 9

sexual urges or fantasies involving sexual contact with corpses

Question 10

what is zoophilia?

Answer 10

sexual urges or fantasies involving sexual contact with animals

Question 11

what is coprophilia?

Answer 11

sexual urges or fantasies involving feces

Question 12

what are the treatment options for paraphilic disorder? (3)

Answer 12

• psychoanalysis
• cognitive behavioural therapy (aversive conditioning)
• biomedical therapies (SSRIs or antiandrogen drugs)

Question 13

what are the 3 levels of sexual assault?

Answer 13

level 1: non-consensual bodily contact for sexual purpose
level 2: assault with a weapon
level 3: aggravated; physical harm and/or threat of death

Question 14

how many sexual assault incidents are reported to the police?

Answer 14

1 in 20

Question 15

what are the theoretical perspectives of sexual assault? (3)

Answer 15

• desires to dominate women or express hatred toward them may be more prominent motives for sexual assault than is sexual desire
• may or may not exhibit psychological disorder
• stereotypes of male aggressiveness and social dominance

Question 16

what are the treatment options for sexual assault survivors? (2)

Answer 16

• crisis intervention (emotional support and information to help with their immediate needs)
• longer-term treatment (help survivors cope with feelings of guilt and shame, anxiety and depression, and the interpersonal and sexual problems they may develop with the men in their lives)

Question 17

what is the prevalence of sexual dysfunction?

Answer 17

over 40% of women and 20-30% of men

Question 18

what are the 3 types of sexual dysfunction in the DSM-5?

Answer 18

1. disorders involving problems with sexual interest and arousal
2. disorders involving problems with orgasmic response
3. problems involving pain during sexual intercourse or penetration (in women)

Question 19

what are the biological perspectives of sexual dysfunction? (4)

Answer 19

• testosterone: men and women
• thyroid overactivity or underactivity
• diabetes
• medical conditions

Question 20

what is the learning perspective of sexual dysfunction?

Answer 20

conditioned anxiety

Question 21

what are the cognitive perspectives of sexual dysfunction? (2)

Answer 21

• irrational beliefs and attitudes

- performance anxiety

Question 22

what are the sociocultural factors associated with sexual dysfunction? (3)

Answer 22

• restricted sociocultural beliefs and sexual taboos
• body insecurities (weight, stretch marks, grey hair) and religion
• connection between a man’s sexual performance and his sense of manhood

Question 23

what are the treatment options for sexual dysfunction? (5)

Answer 23

• sex therapy/psychotherapy
• relaxation techniques
• masturbation
• stop-and-go technique
• biological treatments (viagra, cialis)

Question 24

what are the common features of sexual dysfunction? (5)

Answer 24

• fear of failure
• taking a spectator role
• low self-esteem
• emotional impact
• avoidance behaviour