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PSY 223 > Chapter 7 Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

substance use disorders

A

patterns of maladaptive behaviour involving the use of a psychoactive substance

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2
Q

substance-induced disorders

A

disorders induced by the use of psychoactive substances, including intoxication, withdrawal syndromes, mood disorders, delirium, and amnesia

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3
Q

psychoactive

A

describing chemical substances or drugs that have psychological effects

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4
Q

intoxication

A

substance-induced disorder characterized by clinically significant problematic behavioural or psychological changes caused by the recent ingestion of a substance

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5
Q

withdrawal syndrome

A

characteristic cluster of withdrawal symptoms following the sudden reduction or abrupt cessation of a psychoactive substance after physiological dependence has developed

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6
Q

tachycardia

A

abnormally rapid heartbeat

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7
Q

delirium tremens

A

withdrawal syndrome that often occurs following a sudden decrease or cessation of drinking in chronic alcoholics that is characterized by extreme restlessness, sweating, disorientation, and hallucinations

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8
Q

delirium

A

state of mental confusion, disorientation, and extreme difficulty in focusing attention

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9
Q

disorientation

A

state of mental confusion or lack of awareness with respect to time, place, or the identity of oneself or others

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10
Q

addiction

A

impaired control over the use of a chemical substance accompanied by physiological dependence

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11
Q

physiological dependence

A

state of physical dependence on a drug in which the user’s body comes to depend on a study supply

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12
Q

psychological dependence

A

reliance, as on a substance, although one may not be physiologically dependent

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13
Q

depressant

A

drug that lowers the level of activity of the central nervous system

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14
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome

A

form of brain damage associated with chronic thiamine deficiency. the syndrome is associated with chronic alcoholism and characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and the tendency to invent memories to replace lost ones (confabulation).

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15
Q

barbiturates

A

types of depressant drugs that are sometimes used to relieve anxiety or induce sleep but that are highly addictive

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16
Q

sedatives

A

types of depressant drugs that reduce states of tension and restlessness and induce sleep

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17
Q

opiates

A

types of depressant drugs with strong addictive properties that are derived from the opium poppy; provide feelings of euphoria and relief from pain

18
Q

narcotics

A

drugs, such as opiates, that are used for pain relief and treatment of insomnia, but which have strong addictive properties

19
Q

analgesia

A

state of relief from pain without loss of consciousness

20
Q

endorphins

A

natural substances that function as neurotransmitters in the brain and are similar in their effects to morphine

21
Q

amphetamines

A

types of synthetic stimulants, such as dexedrine and benzedrine. abuse can trigger an amphetamine psychosis that mimics acute episodes of schizophrenia

22
Q

cocaine

A

stimulant derived from coca leaves

23
Q

crack

A

hardened, smokeable form of cocaine

24
Q

freebasing

A

method of ingesting cocaine by means of heating the drug with ether to separate its most potent components and then smoking the extract

25
Q

hallucinogens

A

substances that give rise to sensory distortions or hallucinations

26
Q

psychedelics

A

class of drugs that induce sensory distortions or hallucinations

27
Q

LSD

A

powerful hallucinogenic drug

28
Q

flashbacks

A

experiences of sensory distortions or hallucinations occurring days or weeks after use of LSD or another hallucinogenic drug that mimics the drug’s effects

29
Q

marijuana

A

a mild or minor hallucinogen derived from the cannabis sativa plant

30
Q

delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

A

major active ingredient in marijuana (THC)

31
Q

hashish

A

drug derived from the resin of the marijuana plant

32
Q

inhalants

A

substances that produce chemical vapours that are inhaled for their psychoactive effect

33
Q

detoxification

A

process of ridding the system of alcohol or drugs under supervised conditions in which withdrawal symptoms can be monitored and controlled

34
Q

methadone

A

artificial narcotic that lacks the rush associated with heroin and is used to help people addicted to heroin abstain without incurring an abstinence syndrome

35
Q

naloxone

A

drug that prevents users from becoming high if they subsequently take heroin. some people are placed on naloxone after being withdrawn from heroin to prevent return to heroin

36
Q

naltrexone

A

chemical cousin of naloxone that blocks the high from alcohol as well as opiates and is now approved for use in treating alcoholism

37
Q

Al-Anon

A

organization sponsoring support groups for family members of people with alcoholism

38
Q

cue-exposure training

A

treatment used for people with substance-related disorders; it involves exposure to cues associated with ingestion of drugs or alcohol in a controlled situation in which the person is prevented from using the drug

39
Q

relapse

A

recurrence of a problem behaviour or disorder

40
Q

relapse-prevention training

A

cognitive-behavioural technique used in the treatment of addictive behaviours that involves the use of behavioural and cognitive strategies to resist temptation and prevent lapses from becoming relapses

41
Q

abstinence-violation effect

A

tendency in a person trying to maintain abstinence from a substance, such as alcohol or cigarettes, to overreact to a lapse with feelings of guilt and a sense of resignation that may then trigger a full-blown relapse

42
Q

controlled social drinking

A

controversial approach to treating problem drinkers in which the goal of treatment is the maintenance of controlled social drinking in moderate amounts, rather than total abstinence

PSY 223 (22 decks)

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