Chapter 7 Vocabulary Flashcards
substance use disorders
patterns of maladaptive behaviour involving the use of a psychoactive substance
substance-induced disorders
disorders induced by the use of psychoactive substances, including intoxication, withdrawal syndromes, mood disorders, delirium, and amnesia
psychoactive
describing chemical substances or drugs that have psychological effects
intoxication
substance-induced disorder characterized by clinically significant problematic behavioural or psychological changes caused by the recent ingestion of a substance
withdrawal syndrome
characteristic cluster of withdrawal symptoms following the sudden reduction or abrupt cessation of a psychoactive substance after physiological dependence has developed
tachycardia
abnormally rapid heartbeat
delirium tremens
withdrawal syndrome that often occurs following a sudden decrease or cessation of drinking in chronic alcoholics that is characterized by extreme restlessness, sweating, disorientation, and hallucinations
delirium
state of mental confusion, disorientation, and extreme difficulty in focusing attention
disorientation
state of mental confusion or lack of awareness with respect to time, place, or the identity of oneself or others
addiction
impaired control over the use of a chemical substance accompanied by physiological dependence
physiological dependence
state of physical dependence on a drug in which the user’s body comes to depend on a study supply
psychological dependence
reliance, as on a substance, although one may not be physiologically dependent
depressant
drug that lowers the level of activity of the central nervous system
Korsakoff’s syndrome
form of brain damage associated with chronic thiamine deficiency. the syndrome is associated with chronic alcoholism and characterized by memory loss, disorientation, and the tendency to invent memories to replace lost ones (confabulation).
barbiturates
types of depressant drugs that are sometimes used to relieve anxiety or induce sleep but that are highly addictive
sedatives
types of depressant drugs that reduce states of tension and restlessness and induce sleep
opiates
types of depressant drugs with strong addictive properties that are derived from the opium poppy; provide feelings of euphoria and relief from pain
narcotics
drugs, such as opiates, that are used for pain relief and treatment of insomnia, but which have strong addictive properties
analgesia
state of relief from pain without loss of consciousness
endorphins
natural substances that function as neurotransmitters in the brain and are similar in their effects to morphine
amphetamines
types of synthetic stimulants, such as dexedrine and benzedrine. abuse can trigger an amphetamine psychosis that mimics acute episodes of schizophrenia
cocaine
stimulant derived from coca leaves
crack
hardened, smokeable form of cocaine
freebasing
method of ingesting cocaine by means of heating the drug with ether to separate its most potent components and then smoking the extract
hallucinogens
substances that give rise to sensory distortions or hallucinations
psychedelics
class of drugs that induce sensory distortions or hallucinations
LSD
powerful hallucinogenic drug
flashbacks
experiences of sensory distortions or hallucinations occurring days or weeks after use of LSD or another hallucinogenic drug that mimics the drug’s effects
marijuana
a mild or minor hallucinogen derived from the cannabis sativa plant
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
major active ingredient in marijuana (THC)
hashish
drug derived from the resin of the marijuana plant
inhalants
substances that produce chemical vapours that are inhaled for their psychoactive effect
detoxification
process of ridding the system of alcohol or drugs under supervised conditions in which withdrawal symptoms can be monitored and controlled
methadone
artificial narcotic that lacks the rush associated with heroin and is used to help people addicted to heroin abstain without incurring an abstinence syndrome
naloxone
drug that prevents users from becoming high if they subsequently take heroin. some people are placed on naloxone after being withdrawn from heroin to prevent return to heroin
naltrexone
chemical cousin of naloxone that blocks the high from alcohol as well as opiates and is now approved for use in treating alcoholism
Al-Anon
organization sponsoring support groups for family members of people with alcoholism
cue-exposure training
treatment used for people with substance-related disorders; it involves exposure to cues associated with ingestion of drugs or alcohol in a controlled situation in which the person is prevented from using the drug
relapse
recurrence of a problem behaviour or disorder
relapse-prevention training
cognitive-behavioural technique used in the treatment of addictive behaviours that involves the use of behavioural and cognitive strategies to resist temptation and prevent lapses from becoming relapses
abstinence-violation effect
tendency in a person trying to maintain abstinence from a substance, such as alcohol or cigarettes, to overreact to a lapse with feelings of guilt and a sense of resignation that may then trigger a full-blown relapse
controlled social drinking
controversial approach to treating problem drinkers in which the goal of treatment is the maintenance of controlled social drinking in moderate amounts, rather than total abstinence
