chapter 4 vocabulary

Question 1

major depressive disorder

Answer 1

severe depressive disorder characterized by the occurrence of major depressive episodes in the absence of a history of manic episodes. Characterized by a range of features such as depressed mood, lack of interest or pleasure in usual activities, lack of energy or motivation, and changed in appetite or sleep patterns

Question 2

hypomanic epsiodes

Answer 2

mild manic episodes

Question 3

major depressive disorder with peripartum onset

Answer 3

major depressive disorder that occurs during pregnancy or following childbirth

Question 4

persistent depressive disorder

Answer 4

chronic type of depressive disorder lasting at least two years

Question 5

bipolar I disorder

Answer 5

bipolar disorder characterized by manic episodes

Question 6

manic episodes

Answer 6

periods of unrealistically heightened euphoria, extreme restlessness, and excessive activity characterized by disorganized behaviour and impaired judgement

Question 7

pressured speech

Answer 7

outpouring of speech in which words seem to surge urgently for expression, as in a manic state

Question 8

rapid flight of ideas

Answer 8

a characteristic of manic behaviour involving rapid speech and changes of topic

Question 9

bipolar II disorder

Answer 9

bipolar disorder characterized by periods of major depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes

Question 10

cyclothymic disorder

Answer 10

disorder characterized by a chronic pattern of mild mood swings between depression and hypomania that are not of sufficient severity to be classified as bipolar disorder

Question 11

cognitive triad of depression

Answer 11

in Aaron Beck’s theory, the view that depression derives from the adoption of negative views of oneself, the world, and the future

Question 12

selective abstraction

Answer 12

in Beck’s theory, a type of cognitive distortion involving the tendency to focus selectively only on the parts of one’s experiences that reflect one’s flaws and to ignore those aspects that reveal one’s strengths or competencies

Question 13

automatic thoughts

Answer 13

in Beck’s theory, automatic thoughts that reflect cognitive distortions induce negative feelings such as anxiety or depression

Question 14

learned helplessness

Answer 14

in Martin Seligman’s model, a behaviour pattern characterized by passivity and perceptions of lack of control that develop because of a history of failure to be able to exercise control over one’s environment

Question 15

attributional style

Answer 15

personal style for explaining cause-and-effect relationships between events

Question 16

internal attribution

Answer 16

in the reformulated helplessness theory, a type of attribution involving the belief that the cause of an event involved factors within oneself.

Question 17

external attribution

Answer 17

in the reformulated helplessness theory, a type of attribution involving the belief that the cause of an event involves factors outside of the self

Question 18

stable attribution

Answer 18

in the reformulated helplessness theory, a type of attribution involving the belief that the cause of an event involved stable rather than changeable factors

Question 19

unstable attribution

Answer 19

in the reformulated helplessness theory, a type of attribution involving the belief that the cause of an event involved changeable rather than stable factors

Question 20

global attribution

Answer 20

in the reformulated helplessness theory, a type of attribution involving the belief that the cause of an event involved generalized rather than specific factors

Question 21

specific attribution

Answer 21

in the reformulated helplessness theory, a type of attribution involving the belief that the cause of an event involved specific rather than generalized factors

Question 22

interpersonal psychotherapy

Answer 22

a brief, psychodynamic form of therapy that focuses on helping people resolve interpersonal problems

Question 23

cognitive therapy

Answer 23

a form of psychotherapy in which clients learn to recognize and change their dysfunctional thinking patterns

Question 24

anomie

Answer 24

lack of purpose or identity; aimlessness