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PSY 223 > Chapter 6 - Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what are the characteristics of personality disorders?

A
  • disordered personality traits become evident by adolescences or early adulthood and continue through much of adult life
  • become so deeply ingrained they are highly resistant to change
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2
Q

what puts children at a greater-than-average risk for developing personality disorders?

A

children with childhood behaviour problems such as conduct disorder, depression, anxiety, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention problems are at a greater risk

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3
Q

what are the three clusters of personality disorders in the DSM?

A
  • cluster A: people who are perceived as odd or eccentric
  • cluster B: people whose behaviour is overly dramatic, emotional, or erratic
  • cluster C: people who often appear anxious or fearful
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4
Q

which personality disorders fall into Cluster A?

A
  • paranoid personality disorder
  • schizoid personality disorder
  • schizotypal personality disorder
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5
Q

which personality disorders fall into Cluster B?

A
  • antisocial personality disorder
  • borderline personality disorder
  • histrionic personality disorder
  • narcissistic personality disorder
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6
Q

which personality disorders fall into Cluster C?

A
  • avoidant personality disorder
  • dependent personality disorder
  • obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
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7
Q

what is the prevalence of paranoid personality disorder?

A
  • 2.3%-4.4%

- more common in men

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8
Q

what is the prevalence of schizoid personality disorder?

A

3.1%-4.9%

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9
Q

what is the prevalence of schizotypal personality disorder?

A

3%

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10
Q

what is the prevalence of antisocial personality disorder?

A
  • 4.3%
  • more common in men
  • 2nd most frequent disorder (44.1%) in Canadian male offenders
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11
Q

what are the characteristics of borderline personality disorder?

A
  • fear of abandonment
  • feelings towards others are intense and shifting
  • tend to view other people as all good or all bad
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12
Q

what is the prevalence of borderline personality disorder?

A

1.6-5.9% of the general population and about 20% of psychiatric inpatients

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13
Q

why might people with borderline personality disorder engage in impulsive acts of self-mutilation/self-harm?

A
  • means of temporarily blocking or escaping from deep, emotional pain
  • expression of anger
  • means of manipulating others
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14
Q

what is the prevalence of narcissistic personality disorder?

A
  • 0-6.2%

- more than half of people diagnosed are men

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15
Q

what are the characteristics of narcissistic personality disorder?

A
  • preoccupied with fantasies of success and power, ideal love, or recognition for brilliance or beauty
  • sense of entitlement leads them to exploit others
  • treat sex partners as devices for their own pleasure or to brace their self-esteem
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16
Q

what is the prevalence of avoidant personality disorder?

A
  • 2.4%

- equally common in both men and women

17
Q

what is the prevalence of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder?

A
  • 2.1-7.9%

- twice as common in men

18
Q

what are the problems associated with the classification of personality disorders?

A
  • lack of demonstrated reliability and validity
  • overlap among disorders
  • difficulty in distinguishing between variations in normal and abnormal behaviour
  • sexist biases
19
Q

psychodynamic perspective of personality disorders

A
  • traditional Freudian theory focused on unresolved Oepidal conflicts in explaining normal and abnormal personality development
  • more recent psychodynamic theories focus on the development of the sense of self in explaining disorders such as narcissistic and borderline personality disorders
20
Q

main professional psychodynamic theories

A
  • Hans Kohut: self psychology
  • Otto Kernberg: splitting
  • Margaret Mahler: separation-individuation
21
Q

learning perspectives of personality disorders

A
  • view personality disorders in terms of maladaptive patterns of behaviour rather than personality traits
  • interested in defining the learning histories and situational factors that give rise to maladaptive behaviour and the reinforcers that maintain them
22
Q

family perspectives of personality disorders

A
  • disturbances in family relationships underlie the development of personality disorders
  • a number of researchers have linked a history of physical or sexual abuse or neglect in childhood to the development of personality disorders
  • extreme fears of abandonment may result from a failure to develop a secure parental attachment
23
Q

cognitive-behavioural perspectives of personality disorders

A
  • observation and imitation
  • cognitive-behaviour oriented psychologists have shown that the ways in which people with personality disorders interpret their social experiences influence their behaviour
  • antisocial adolescents are more likely to interpret social cues as provocations or intentions of ill will
24
Q

biological perspectives of personality disorders

A
  • genetics plays a role in the development of traits that underlie personality disorders
  • people with a genetic predisposition for these traits may be more vulnerable if they encounter environmental influences, such as being reared in a dysfunctional family
  • genetically based behaviour can dictate what environments a person will seek out
25
Q

sociocultural perspectives of personality disorders

A
  • examines the social conditions that may contribute to the development of the behaviour patterns identified as personality disorders
26
Q

what is the psychodynamic approach to treating personality disorders?

A

help people with personality disorders become more aware of the roots of their self-defeating behaviour patterns and learn more adaptive ways of relating to others

27
Q

what is the cognitive-behavioural approach to treating personality disorders?

A

behaviour therapists focus on attempting to replace maladaptive behaviour with adaptive behaviour (problem solving perspective)

28
Q

what are the phases of the Canadian Treatment Services

A
  1. safety and crisis support
  2. containment of psychological stress through continuing care
  3. control and regulation skills
  4. exploration and change
  5. long-term treatment that focuses on the integration of clear boundaries between self and others

PSY 223 (22 decks)

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