Chapter 6 Vocabulary Flashcards
personality disorders
types of enduring patterns of inner experience and behaviour that deviate markedly from the expectations of the individual’s culture, are pervasive and inflexible, and lead to distress or impairment
ego syntonic
behaviour or feelings that are perceived as natural or compatible parts of the self
ego dystonic
behaviour or feelings that are perceived to be foreign or alien to one’s self-identity
paranoid personality disorder
type of personality disorder characterized by persistent distrust and suspiciousness of the motives of others
schizoid personality disorder
type of personality disorder characterized by detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression
schizotypal personality disorder
type of personality disorder characterized by acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions, and eccentricities of behaviour
ideas of reference
form of delusional thinking in which a person reads personal meaning into the behaviour of others or external events that are completely independent of the person
antisocial personality disorder
type of personality disorder characterized by a chronic pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others
psychopathy
type of personality pattern characterized by affective and interpersonal traits, such as shallow emotions, selfishness, arrogance, superficial charm, deceitfulness, manipulativeness, irresponsibility, sensation seeking, and a lack of empathy, anxiety, and remorse, combined with persistent violations of social norms, a socially deviant and nomadic lifestyle, and impulsiveness
optimum level of arousal
level of arousal associated with peak performance and maximum feelings of well-being
borderline personality disorder
type of personality disorder characterized by instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects and marked impulsivity
splitting
term describing the inability of some people (especially people with borderline personalities) to reconcile the positive and negative aspects of themselves and others into a cohesive integration, resulting in sudden and radical shifts between strongly positive and strongly negative feelings
histrionic personality disorder
type of personality disorder characterized by excessive need to be the centre of attention and to receive reassurance, praise, and approval from others. Such individuals usually appear overly dramatic and emotional in their behaviour
narcissistic personality disorder
type of personality disorder characterized by grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy
avoidant personality disorder
type of personality disorder characterized by avoidance of social relationships due to fears of rejection
dependent personality disorder
type of personality disorder characterized by difficulties making independent decisions and by overly dependent behaviour
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
type of personality disorder characterized by rigid ways of relating to others, perfectionistic tendencies, lack of spontaneity, and excessive attention to details
self psychology
Heinz Kohut’s theory that describes processes that normally lead to the achievement of a cohesive sense of self or, in narcissistic personality disorder, to a grandiose but fragile sense of self
symbiotic
in Margaret Mahler’s object-relations theory, the term used to describe the state of oneness that normally exists between a mother and infant in which the infant’s identity is fused with the mother’s
separation-individuation
in Margaret Mahler’s theory, the process by which young children come to separate psychologically from their mothers and to perceive themselves as separate and distinct persons
problem-solving therapy
form of therapy that focuses on helping people develop more effective problem-solving skills
