Chapter 7 - Substance and Addictive Disorders Flashcards
according to an Ontario survey, what percentage of people aged 15+ had used marijuana and alcohol at some point in their life?
45% used marijuana at some point in their lives, and 79% had used alcohol
what percentage of people use hallucinogens?
11%
what percentage of people use cocaine?
11%
what percentage people use amphetamines?
6%
what percentage of people use MDMA (ecstasy)?
4%
what percentage of people use heroin?
1%
what percentage of the Canadian population (15+) are smokers?
15%
what are the signs of intoxication?
- confusion
- belligerence
- impaired judgement
- inattention
- impaired motor and spatial skills
what are some common withdrawal symptoms?
- dryness in the mouth
- nausea or vomiting
- weakness
- tachycardia
- anxiety and depression
- headaches
- insomnia
- elevated blood pressure
- fleeting hallucinations
what are the symptoms of withdrawal for a chronic alcoholic?
- tachycardia
- delirium tremens
- delirium
- disorientation
what is physiological dependence?
state of physical dependence on a drug in which the user’s body comes to depend on a steady supply of a substance
what is psychological dependence?
reliance on a substance, although one may not be physiologically dependent
what are the pathways to substance use disorder?
- experimentation: where it starts; control still intact
- routine use: challenges in daily life functioning due to substance use
- addiction or dependence: lengths an individual will go for the substance use severely challenges daily functioning
what are the effects of depressants?
- reduces feelings of tension and anxiety
- causes movements to be sluggish
- impairs cognitive processes
what is the economic cost of alcoholism?
based on days lost from work, health problems associated with alcoholism, and costs resulting from motor vehicle accidents amounts to more than $14.6 billion annually
what are the risk factors for alcoholism?
- gender
- age
- antisocial personality disorder
- family history
- sociodemographic factors