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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9: Female and Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Female and Male Reproductive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

fertilization

A

union of the male and female gametes to form a zygote, leading to the development of a new individual

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2
Q

gamete

A

reproductive cell

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3
Q

infertility

A

persistent inability to convive a child

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4
Q

neonate

A

infant from birth to 28 days of age

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5
Q

ova

A

female reproductive cells

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6
Q

postpartum

A

occurring after childbirth

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7
Q

amni/o

A

amnion

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8
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus)

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9
Q

colp/o, vagin/o

A

vagina

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10
Q

galact/o, lact/o

A

milk

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11
Q

gynec/o

A

women, female

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12
Q

hyster/o, uter/o

A

uterus

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13
Q

mamm/o, mast/o

A

breast

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14
Q

men/o

A

menses, menstruation

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15
Q

metr/o

A

uterus (womb); mesure

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16
Q

nat/o

A

birth

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17
Q

oophor/o, ovari/o

A

ovary

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18
Q

perine/o

A

perineum

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19
Q

salping/o

A

tube

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20
Q

vulv/o, episi/o

A

vulva

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21
Q

andr/o

A

male

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22
Q

balan/o

A

glans penis

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23
Q

gonad/o

A

gonads, sex glands

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24
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

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25
Q

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o

A

testis, testes

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26
Q

prostat/o

A

prostate gland

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27
Q

spermat/o, sperm/i, sperm/o

A

spermatozoa, sperm cells

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28
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

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29
Q

vas/o

A

vessel

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30
Q

vesicul/o

A

seminal vesicle

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31
Q

-arche

A

beginning

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32
Q

-cyesis

A

pregnancy

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33
Q

-gravida

A

pregnant woman

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34
Q

-para

A

to bear (offspring)

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35
Q

-saplinx

A

tube

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36
Q

-tocia

A

childbirth, labor

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37
Q

abortion

A

termination of pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it can survive outside the uterus

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38
Q

spontaneous abortion

A

abortion that is an unplanned loss of pregnancy, or miscarriage

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39
Q

therapeutic abortion

A

abortion that is induced to end a pregnancy because the woman’s health is endangered or some other personal reason

40
Q

candidiasis

A

vaginal fungal infection caused by Candila albicans and characterized by a crudy or cheeklike discharge and exreme itching

41
Q

cervicitis

A

inflammation of the uterine cervix, which is usually the result of infection or a sexually transmitted infection

42
Q

down syndrome

A

congenital disorder caused by an extra chromosome 21, which causes intellectual impairment and physical abnormalities

43
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

implantation of the fertilized ovum outside of the uterine cavity, most commonly in a fallopian tube

44
Q

endometriosis

A

presence of endometrial tissues outside the uterine cavity, such as the pelvis or the abdomen

45
Q

fibroid

A

benign neoplasm in the uterus that is composed largely of fibrous tissue

46
Q

fistula

A

abnormal tunnel connecting two body cavities, such as the rectum and the vagina, or a body cavity to the skin, such as the rectum to the outside of the body, caused by injury, infection, or inflammation

47
Q

vesicovaginal

A

abnormal duct between the bladder and vagina that results in severe urine from the vagina

48
Q

gestational hypertension

A

potentially life threatening condition of high blood pressure, usually develops after the 20th week of pregnancy and is characterized by edema and proteinuria

49
Q

preeclampsia

A

nonconclusive form of gestational hypertension that, if left untreated, may progress to eclampsia

50
Q

eclampsia

A

conclusive form of gestational hypertension that is a medical emergency and life threatening to the mother, baby, or both

51
Q

sterility

A

inability of a woman to become pregnant or for a man to impregnate a woman

52
Q

toxic shock syndrome

A

rare, sometimes fatal, staphylococcal infection that generally occurs in menstruating women, most of whom use vaginal tampons

53
Q

anorchism

A

congenital absence of one or both testes

54
Q

balanitis

A

inflammation of the skin covering the glans penis caused by irritation and invasion of microorganisms and commonly associated with inadequate hygiene of the prepuce and phimosis

55
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A

gradual enlargement of the prostate gland that normally occurs as a man ages and is common in men older than 60 years

56
Q

cryptorchidism

A

failure of one or both testicles to descend into the scrotum

57
Q

epispadias

A

congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis near the glans penis instead of the tip

58
Q

hypospadias

A

congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis near the glans penis instead of the tip

59
Q

impotence

A

inability of a man to achieve or maintain a penile erection, or a erectile dysfunction

60
Q

phimosis

A

stenosis or narrowing of the preputial orifice so that the foreskins cannot be pushed back over the glans penis

61
Q

sexual transmitted infection

A

any disease affecting the male or female reproductive system that is acquired as a result of sexual intercourse or other intimate contact with an infected individual

62
Q

chlamydia

A

one of the most damaging STIS caused by bacterium, causing cervicitis in women and urethritis in men

63
Q

genital warts

A

warts in the genitalia caused by HPV and possibly associated with cervical cancer in women

64
Q

gonorrhea

A

contagious STI caused by bacterium and most commonly affecting the genitourinary tract and occasionally the pharynx or the rectum

65
Q

herpes genitalis

A

infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 of the male or female genital and anorectal skin and mucosa that may be transmitted through the placenta to the fetus during delivery

66
Q

syphilis

A

infectious, chronic STI characterized by a skin lesion typically on the genital’s, rectum, or mouth, which may cause long term complications including death if not treated

67
Q

trichomoniasis

A

protozoal infestation of the vagina, urethra, or prostate and the most common STI affecting men and women, although symptoms are more common in woman

68
Q

colposcopy

A

examination of the vag. and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument

69
Q

hysterosalpingography

A

radiography of the uterus and oviducts after injection of a contrast medium

70
Q

laparoscopy

A

visual examination of the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope through one or more small incisions in the abdominal wall, usually in the umbilicus

71
Q

mammography

A

radiography of the breasts used to diagnose benign and malignant tumors

72
Q

Papanicolaou (pap) test

A

microscopic analysis of a small tissue sample obtained from the cervix and vag. by using a swab to detect carcinoma

73
Q

digital rectal examination (DRE)

A

examination of the prostate gland by finger palpation through the anal canal and the rectum

74
Q

prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test

A

blood test used to screen for prostate cancer in which elevated levels of PSA are associated with prostate enlargement and caner

75
Q

transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and biopsy of the prostate

A

an ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum to obtain an image of the prostate gland and collect multiple needle biopsy specimens of the prostate gland tissues where abnormalities are detected

76
Q

cerclage

A

obstetric procedure in which nonabsorbable suture is used for holding the cervix closed to prevent spontaneous abortion in a woman who has an incompetent cervix

77
Q

dialation and curettage (D&C)

A

surgical procedure that widens the cervical canal of the uterus so that the endometrium of the uterus can be scarped to stop prolonged or heavy uterine bleeding, diagnose uterine abnormalities and obtain tissue for microscopic examination

78
Q

hysterosalpingooophorectomy

A

surgical removal of the uterus, a fallopian tube, and a uterus

79
Q

lumpectomy

A

excision of a small primary breast tumor and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it

80
Q

mastectomy

A

complete or partial excissiion of on eor both breasts, most commonly performed to remove a malignant tumor

81
Q

modified radical mastectomy

A

mastectomy that involves excision of an entire breast, including lymph nodes in the underarm

82
Q

radical mastectomy

A

mastectomy that invlves excision of an entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast

83
Q

total mastectomy

A

mastectomy that involves excision of an entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin

84
Q

reconstructive breast surgery

A

reconstruction of a breast that has been removed because of cancer or other disease, commonly possible immediately after mastectomy, so the patient awakens from anesthesia with a breast mound already in place

85
Q

tissue (skin) expansion recon. breast surgery

A

common breast reconstruction techniques in which a balloon expander is inserted beneath the skin and chest muscle, saline solution is a gradually injected to increase size, and the expander is replaced with a more permanent implant

86
Q

transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap

A

surgical creation of a skin flap which is passed under the skin to the breast area, shaped into a natural looking breast, and sutured into place

87
Q

tubal ligation

A

sterilization procedure that involves blocking both fallopian tubes by cutting or burning them and tying them off

88
Q

circumcision

A

surgical removal of the foreskin or prepuce of the penis, usually performed on a male infant

89
Q

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

A

surgical procedure to relive obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia by insertion of a resectoscope into the penis and through the urethra to chip away at prostatic tissues and flush out chops an irrigating solution

90
Q

antifungals

A

treat vaginal infection

91
Q

estorgens

A

treat symptoms of menopause through hormone replacement surgery (HRT)

92
Q

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A

synthetic hormone used to correct deficiency of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, relive symptoms of mesopause, and prevent osteoporosis in woman

93
Q

oral contraceptives (OCP)

A

prevent ovulation to avoid pregnancy, or birth control

94
Q

gonadotropins

A

hormonal preparation to increase sperm count in cases of infertility

95
Q

spermicides

A

method of birth control, destroy sperm by created highly acidic environment in the uterus

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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