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Medical Terminology > Chapter 1-6 Mid Term Test > Flashcards

Chapter 1-6 Mid Term Test Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

vomiting

A

-emesis

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2
Q

excision, removal

A

-ectomy

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3
Q

inflammation

A

-itis

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4
Q

instrument for examination

A

-scope

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5
Q

surgical puncture

A

-centesis

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6
Q

disease

A

-pathy

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7
Q

swelling

A

-edema

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8
Q

abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

A

-osis

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9
Q

blood condition

A

-emia

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10
Q

hernia, swelling

A

-cele

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11
Q

instrument for recording

A

-graph

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12
Q

to break; surgical fracture

A

-clasis

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13
Q

Pain

A

-algia, -dynia

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14
Q

Around

A

-circum

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15
Q

before, in front

A

pre-, pro-

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16
Q

backward, behind

A

retro-

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17
Q

First

A

primi-

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18
Q

upper, above

A

super-

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19
Q

Large

A

macro-

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20
Q

bad, painful, difficult

A

dys-

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21
Q

Fixation of the breast

A

mastopexy

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22
Q

Crushing a stone or calculus

A

Lithotripsy

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23
Q

for an opening into the trachea

A

tracheostomy

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24
Q

narrowing or structure of an artery

A

Arteriostenosis

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25
Q

Enlargement of the heart

A

cardiomegaly

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26
Q

Excision of the appendix

A

appendectomy

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27
Q

softening of cartilage

A

Chondromalacia

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28
Q

Surgical puncture of a joint

A

arthrocentesis

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29
Q

Disease of muscle

A

myopathy

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30
Q

tumors that arise from a nerve

A

neuroma

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31
Q

fear of blood

A

hemophobia

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32
Q

inflammation of the stomach

A

gastritis

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33
Q

instrument to examine the stomach

A

gastroscope

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34
Q

Instrument to cut bone

A

osteotome

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35
Q

Record of electrical activity of the heart

A

electrical cardiogram

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36
Q

bursting forth of blood

A

hemorrhage

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37
Q

excessive or abnormal vomiting

A

hyperemesis

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38
Q

swelling of lymph tissue

A

lymphedema

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39
Q

paralysis of one side of the body

A

hemiplegia

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40
Q

surgical repair of the nose

A

rhinoplasty

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41
Q

medical specialist, concerned with electromagnetic radiation, ultrasound, and other imaging techniques

A

radiologist

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42
Q

radiograph that produces a FILM, representing a detailed cross-section or slice of tissue or an organ at a predetermined depth

A

CT Scan

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43
Q

Image produced using high frequency, sound ways of an internal organ or tissue

A

ultrasound

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44
Q

Visual examination of (OR IN) a cavity or canal using a special lighted instrument

A

endoscopy

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45
Q

drug that contains a radioactive substance that travels to the specific organ that will be scanned

A

radiopharmaceuticals

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46
Q

bodies protective response to irritation, infection, or allergy

A

inflammation

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47
Q

Inflammatory response of the body to infection

A

sepsis

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48
Q

radiograph that employs a fluorescent screen instead of photographic plate to produce images

A

fluroscopy

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49
Q

Imaging technique that uses a radionucleotide introduction to the body by ingestion, inhalation, or injection

A

nuclear scan

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50
Q

Specialist in the study of cells

A

cytologist

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51
Q

Specialist in the study of tissue

A

histologist

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52
Q

Refers to the lower part of a structure or below a structure

A

inferior

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53
Q

Refers to the upper part of a structure above a structure

A

superior

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54
Q

refers to the side of a structure

A

lateral

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55
Q

refers to the front (of the body)

A

anterior

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56
Q

refers to the back (of the body)

A

posterior

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57
Q

refers to the middle of a structure

A

medial

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58
Q

pertains to a poison

A

toxic

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58
Q

belly or belly side (of the body)

A

ventral

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58
Q

tissue DESTRUCTION by means of high-frequency electric current

A

fulguration

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58
Q

refers to the anteroposterior position

A

AP

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59
Q

absence or loss of hair; also called baldness

A

alopecia

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59
Q

inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin

A

acne

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60
Q

dry sebum plugging a pore of the skin; also called a blackhead

A

comedo

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60
Q

incision of a lesion, such as an abscess, followed by the drainage of its contents

A

Incision and Drainage

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61
Q

excessive growth of HAIR or presence of hair in unusual places, especially in women

A

hirsutism

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62
Q

genetic disorder in which skin is DRY and SCALY, resembling fish scales

A

ichthyosis

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62
Q

anti-inflammatory agents that treat skin inflammation

A

corticosteroids

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62
Q

kill bacteria that cause skin infections

A

antibiotics

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62
Q

contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite

A

scabies

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62
Q

removal of dead or damaged tissue from a wound or burn site to prevent infection and to facilitate healing

A

debridement

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63
Q

localized collection of pus at the site of an infection

A

abscess

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63
Q

use of subFREEZING temperature to destroy abnormal tissue cells

A

cryotherapy

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63
Q

acute or chronic skin inflammation characterized by erythema, papules, scales, crusts, scabs, and possibly itching

A

eczema

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63
Q

transplantation from a foreign donor to a human; also called a heterograft

A

xenograft

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64
Q

transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another in the same individual

A

autograft

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64
Q

inherited disease with production of THICK MUCUS that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestive system

A

cystic fibrosis

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64
Q

malignant tumor

A

carcinoma

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64
Q

removal of scars, tattoos, and fine wrinkles on the skin using sandpaper or other abrasive materials

A

skin abrasion / dermabrasion

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64
Q

localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk-white patches

A

vitiligo

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65
Q

disease characterized by decrease in ELASCITY of lung tissue

A

emphysema

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65
Q

elevated skin that is white in the center with a red periphery; also called hives

A

wheals

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66
Q

direct visualization of the bronchi using an endoscope

A

bronchoscopy

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67
Q

absence of or decrease in the sense of smell

A

anosmia

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67
Q

excision of the entire lung

A

pneumoectomy

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67
Q

acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge; also called a cold

A

coryza

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67
Q

radiographic technique that uses ELECTROMAGNETIC energy to produce a scan of the chest and lungs

A

MRI

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68
Q

COLLAPSE of lung tissue, preventing exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

atelectasis

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69
Q

study of the lower respiratory tract

A

pulmonology

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70
Q

DEFICIENCY of oxygen in the tissues; usually a sign of respiratory impairment

A

hypoxia

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71
Q

hemorrhage from the nose; also called nosebleed

A

epistaxis

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72
Q

act of breathing

A

respiration

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73
Q

agents that DILATE the walls of the bronchi to increase air flow

A

bronchodilators

73
Q

acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that sounds like a “WHOOP”

A

pertussis

74
Q

crackling sound heard during inspiration when fluid is present in the alveoli; also called rales

A

crackles

75
Q

hormonal agents that reduce tissue edema and inflammation associated with chronic lung disease

A

corticosteroids

76
Q

temporary cessation of breathing

A

apnea

76
Q

abnormal chest sounds resembling snoring, produced in airways with accumulated fluids

A

rhonchi

77
Q

inflammation of the PLEURAL membrane characterized by stabbing pain and intensified by coughing

A

pleurisy

77
Q

acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants and is characterized by a barking cough

A

croup

78
Q

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation; murmur

A

bruit

79
Q

surgical removal of the LINING of an artery

A

endarterectomy

79
Q

inability of the heart to maintain a steady beat

A

arrhythmia

79
Q

high blood pressure

A

hypertension

79
Q

restoration of NORMAL heart rhythm by applying electrical shock to the chest

A

cardioversion

80
Q

partial or complete occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries; also called heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

80
Q

heats the lining WITHING a VEIN to collapse it and eventually make it disappear

A

endovenous laser therapy

80
Q

common form of arteriosclerosis

A

atherosclerosis

80
Q

endovascular PROCEDURE that reopens narrowed blood vessels and RESTORES forward blood flow

A

angioplasty

80
Q

drugs that reduce low-DENSITY lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood

A

statin drugs

80
Q

insufficient oxygenated blood to a body part caused by an interruption of blood flow

A

ishcemia

81
Q

method of evaluating cardiovascular fitness while exercising on a treadmill

A

stress test

81
Q

battery of blood tests performed to determine the presence of CARDIAC damage

A

cardiac enzyme study

81
Q

implanted defibrillator that automatically detects and corrects arrhythmias

A

AICD

82
Q

device worn by a patient to evaluate prolonged electrocardiographic recordings (usually 24 hours) on a portable tape recorder during normal daily activities

A

holter monitor

83
Q

NORMAL or healthy (veins)

A

competent

84
Q

widening of a heart VALVE to increase blood flow

A

valvuloplasty

85
Q

blood test that measures protein released into circulation after myocardial injury

A

troponin I

86
Q

removal of bone marrow tissue for microscopic examination

A

bone marrow respiration

86
Q

group of HEREDITARY anemias characterized by inability to produce HEMMOGLOBIN; seen in people of Mediterranean origin

A

Thalassemia

86
Q

dilation of veins as a result of incomplete closure of the valves

A

varicosities veins

87
Q

ULTRASOUND technique used to image the HEART and evaluate its chambers and valves; used to detect pathological conditions

A

echocardiography

88
Q

dissolution of a BLOOD CLOT

A

thrombolysis

89
Q

malignant disease characterized by presence of Reed-Sternberg cells in the lymph nodes

A

Hodgkin disease

90
Q

hereditary bleeding disorder characterized by deficiency in blood coagulation

A

Hemophilia

91
Q

agent that prevents or delays blood COAGULATION

A

anticoagulant

91
Q

malignant disease of the bone marrow plasma cell

A

Multiple melanoma

91
Q

test to determine histocompatibility of tissues; used before a transplant

A

tissue typing

91
Q

FORMATION or production of LYMPHOID tissue

A

Lymphopoiesis

92
Q

acute infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus

A

mononucleosis

92
Q

clumping together of cells

A

agglutination

92
Q

test that screens for presence of HIV antibodies

A

ELISA

92
Q

chronic autoimmune inflammatory DISEASE that affects MANY body systems

A

SLE (Systemic lupus erythematosus)

93
Q

tissue swelling caused by a blockage in the lymphatic system

A

lymphedema

94
Q

type of immune response by the body against its own cells or tissues

A

auto immune

95
Q

MALIGANCY of connective TISSUE that is commonly fatal and closely related to the AIDS virus

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

96
Q

malignant blood disease characterized by excessive production of leukocytes

A

leukemia

97
Q

INFECTION that results from a defective immune system that CANNOT DEFEND against pathogens normally found in the environment

A

opportunistic infection

98
Q

pathological condition in which the spleen is enlarged

A

splenomegaly

99
Q

type of anemia characterized by deficiency of RBCs due to inadequate absorption of vitamin B12

A

pernicious anemia

100
Q

groin

A

inguin/o

101
Q

tissue

A

hist/o

101
Q

loins

A

lumb/o

102
Q

stomach

A

gastr/o

102
Q

near, nearest

A

proxim/o

103
Q

lower, below

A

infer/o

104
Q

chest

A

thorac/o

105
Q

cell

A

cyt/o

106
Q

neck; cervix uteri

A

cervic/o

107
Q

side, to one side

A

later/o

108
Q

tail

A

caud/o

108
Q

back

A

dors/o

109
Q

hair

A

pil/o

109
Q

dry, scaly

A

ichthy/o

109
Q

far, farthest

A

dist/o

109
Q

anterior, front

A

anter/o

109
Q

umbilicus, navel

A

umbilic/o

110
Q

skin

A

cutane/o

111
Q

hardening, sclera

A

scler/o

111
Q

nail

A

onych/o

112
Q

sweat

A

hidr/o

113
Q

dry

A

xer/o

113
Q

black

A

melan/o

114
Q

horny tissue, hard, cornea

A

kerat/o

115
Q

fungus

A

myc/o

116
Q

heat

A

therm/o

117
Q

blue

A

cyan/o

118
Q

fat

A

lip/o

119
Q

cell

A

cyt/o, -cyte

120
Q

surgical repair

A

-plasty

121
Q

water

A

hydr/o

122
Q

tumor

A

-oma

123
Q

disease

A

-pathy

124
Q

yellow

A

xanth/o

125
Q

carrying, transmission

A

-phoresies

126
Q

blue

A

cyan/o

127
Q

air; lung

A

pneum/o

128
Q

pharynx

A

pharyng/o

129
Q

trachea

A

trache/o

129
Q

larynx

A

larryng/o

130
Q

bronchiole

A

bronch/o

131
Q

pleura

A

pleur/o

132
Q

bad, painful, difficult

A

dys-

133
Q

air

A

aer/o

134
Q

lung

A

pulmon/o

135
Q

bronchus

A

bronchi/o

135
Q

surgical repair

A

-plasty

136
Q

pus

A

py/o

137
Q

rapid

A

tachy-

137
Q

good, normal

A

eu-

138
Q

nose

A

rhin-

138
Q

slow

A

brady-

139
Q

paralysis

A

-plegia

140
Q

chest

A

throc/o

141
Q

fatty plaque

A

ather/o

141
Q

straight

A

orth/o

142
Q

hardening; sclera

A

scler/o

143
Q

vein

A

ven/o, phleb/o

144
Q

heart

A

cardi, cardi/o

145
Q

dilated vein

A

aneurysm/o

146
Q

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

A

angi/o

146
Q

blood clot

A

thromb/o

146
Q

widening; widened blood vessel

A

aneurysm/o

147
Q

artery

A

arteri/o

147
Q

to hold back; block

A

ischi/o

147
Q

slow

A

brady-

147
Q

narrowing, stricture

A

-stenosis

148
Q

heart condition

A

-cardia

149
Q

around

A

circum-

150
Q

in, within

A

endo-

150
Q

vessel

A

vascul/o

151
Q

rapid

A

tachy-

152
Q

instrument for recording

A

-graph

152
Q

atrium

A

atri/o

153
Q

arteriole (small artery)

A

arteriol/o

153
Q

Red

A

erthyr/o

154
Q

Gland

A

aden/o

155
Q

bone marrow; spinal cord

A

myel/o

155
Q

Blood

A

hemat/o, hemo-

156
Q

lymph vessel

A

lymphangi/o

157
Q

swallowing, eating

A

phag/o

158
Q

Cell

A

cyt/o

158
Q

thymus gland

A

thym/o

159
Q

lymph gland

A

lymphangi/o

159
Q

Spleen

A

splen/o

160
Q

White

A

leuk/o

161
Q

Resembling

A

-oid

162
Q

Protection

A

immun/o

163
Q

formation, growth

A

-poiesis

164
Q

Lymph

A

lymph/o

165
Q

standing still

A

-stasis

166
Q

Liver

A

hepat/o

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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