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Medical Terminology > Chapter 12: Muscularskeletal System > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Muscularskeletal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness

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2
Q

arthoplasty

A

surgery to reshape, reconstruct, or replace a diseased or damaged joint

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3
Q

articulation

A

connection between two bones, also called a joint

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4
Q

contraction

A

shortening or tightening of a muscle

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5
Q

musculoskeletal

A

pertaining to muscles and the skeleton

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6
Q

radiography

A

production of captured shadow images on photographic film through the action of ionizing radiation passing through the body from an external source

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7
Q

synovial fluid

A

lubricating fluid secreted by the synovial membrane in the joint

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8
Q

fasci/o

A

band, fascia

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9
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber, fibrous tissue

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10
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle

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11
Q

lumb/o

A

loins

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12
Q

muscul/o, my/o

A

muscle

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13
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendon

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14
Q

carp/o

A

carpus (wrist bones)

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15
Q

cervic/o

A

neck; cervix uteri

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16
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

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17
Q

crani/o

A

cranium

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18
Q

humer/o

A

humerus (upper arm bone)

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19
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpus (hand bones)

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20
Q

phalang/o

A

phalanges (bones of fingers and toes)

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21
Q

spondyl/o, verterbr/o

A

vertebra (backbone)

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22
Q

stern/o

A

sternum (breastbone)

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23
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneum (heel bone)

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24
Q

femor/o

A

femur (thigh bone)

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25
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula (smaller, outer bone of lower leg)

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26
Q

patell/o

A

patella (kneecap)

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27
Q

pelv/i, pelv/o

A

pelvis

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28
Q

radi/o

A

radiation, x-ray

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29
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia (larger bone of lower leg)

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30
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiffness, bent, crooked

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31
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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32
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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33
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina (part of vertebral arch)

34
Q

orth/o

A

straight

34
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow, spinal cord

35
Q

oste/o

A

bone

36
Q

-clasia

A

to break; surgical fracture

37
Q

-clast

A

to break

38
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

39
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor of connective tissue

40
Q

dia-

A

through, across

41
Q

peri-

A

around

42
Q

muscular dystrophy (MD)

A

group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, leading to increasing weakness and debilitation, including Duchenne dystrophy (most common form)

43
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and severe muscle weakness, particularly evident with facial muscles and ptosis of the eyelids

44
Q

rotator cuff injury

A

injury to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons

45
Q

sprain

A

trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability, such as an eversion sprain that occurs when the foot is twisted outward

46
Q

strain

A

trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch

47
Q

torticollis

A

spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck

48
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of a joint with pain, swelling, and changes in structure

49
Q

gouty

A

arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body, or gout

50
Q

osteoarthritis

A

progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs and destruction of articular cartilage

51
Q

bunion

A

deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe with an abnormal enlargement of the join at the base of the great toe

52
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

pain or numbness resulting form compression of the median nerve, within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and median nerve pass)

53
Q

contracture

A

fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

54
Q

crepitation

A

grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

55
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

malignant tumor that develops bone marrow, usually the long bones of the pelvis, and most commonly affecting adolescent boys

56
Q

ganglion cyst

A

noncancerous, jellylike, fluid-filled lumps that most commonly develop along the tendons or joints of the wrists or hands, but may appear at feet

57
Q

herniated disk

A

herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus between two vertebrae

58
Q

osteomyelitis

A

infection that encompasses all bone components, including bone marrow

59
Q

osteoporosis

A

decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures

60
Q

pagent disease

A

abnormal bone destruction and regrowth of either one or several bones at numerous sites that results in deformity

61
Q

rickets

A

form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency

62
Q

sequestrum

A

fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

63
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

congenital deformity in which the great toe is angled laterally toward the other toes, or clubfoot

64
Q

spinal curvatures

A

abnormal deviation of the spine from its normal position that results in a misalignment exaggeration in certain areas, as occurs in kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis

65
Q

kyphosis

A

increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture

66
Q

lordosis

A

forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading into a swayback posture

67
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually caused pain, disk disease, or arthritis

68
Q

spondylitis

A

inflammation of one or more vertebrae

69
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic inflammatory disease of unknown orgin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae

70
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first scral verebra

71
Q

subluxation

A

partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint

72
Q

arthrocentesis

A

puncture of a joint space with a needle to obtain samples of synovial fluid for diagnostic purposes, instill medications, or remove accumulated purposes, instill medication, or remove accumulated fluid from joints to relieve pain

73
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thing, flexible, fiberoptic scope called an arthoscope, which contains a miniature camera and projects images on a monitor to guide instruments during procedures

74
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis or to correct a congential deformity

75
Q

total hiparthroplasty

A

replacement of the femoral head and acetabulum with protheses that are fastened into the bone

76
Q

sequestrectomy

A

excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)

77
Q

bone reabsorption

A

reduce the reabsorption of bones in treatment of weak and fragile bones as seen osteoporosis and Pageant disease

78
Q

gold salts

A

treat rheumatoid arthritis inhibiting activity within the immune system and preventing further disease progression

79
Q

muscle relaxants

A

relieve muscle spasms, pain, and stiffness

80
Q

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

A

relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation in treatment of musculoskeletal conditions and inflammatory disorders

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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