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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6: Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Blood, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

antibody

A

protein released by blood cells to destroy invading foreign organisms or substances

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2
Q

antigen

A

substance that, on entering the body, prompts the generation of anti-bodies, causing an immune response

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3
Q

autoimmune

A

type of immune response by the body against its own cells or tissues

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4
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels that connect the ends of the smallest arteries with the smallest veins of the circulatory system

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5
Q

hematopoiesis

A

production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow

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6
Q

Immune response

A

defense function of the body that protects it against invading pathogens, foreign tissues, and malignancies

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7
Q

immunodeficiency

A

decreased or compromised ability to fight disease or condition resulting from a defense immune mechanism

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8
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid between cells and in tissue spaces

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9
Q

lymphocyte

A

type of white blood cell (WBC) found in the lymph nodes, spleen, bloodstream and lymph that functions in the bodies immune system by recognizing and deactivating foreign substances

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10
Q

monocytes

A

large WBC’s formed in bone marrow that circulate in the bloodstream and destroy pathogenic bacteria through phagocytosis

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11
Q

oncology

A

branch of medicine concerned with the study of cancerous growths

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12
Q

pathogens

A

any microorganism, capable producing disease

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13
Q

Transfusion

A

Collection of blood or a blood component from a donor, followed by its infusion into a recipient

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14
Q

anemia

A

blood disorder, characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells (RBC) productive and hemoglobin, increased RBC destruction, or loss

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15
Q

Aplastic

A

failure of bone marrow to produce stem cells because it has been damaged by disease, cancer, radiation, or chemotherapy, drugs - rare but a serious form of anemia

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16
Q

pernicious

A

Deficiency of erythrocytes, resulting from inability to absorb vitamin B into the body

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17
Q

Thalassemia

A

Group of hereditary, anemia, characterized by less hemoglobin and fewer RBC’s in the body than normal

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18
Q

hemophilia

A

Group of hereditary bleeding disorders characterized by a deficiency of one of the factors necessary for congelation of blood

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19
Q

leukemia

A

malignant disease of bone marrow characterized by excessive production of leukocytes

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20
Q

acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AIDS

A

Transmittable infection caused by human deficiency virus (HIV) and associated with suppression of the immune system, characterized by increasing disability to infections, allergens and neurological diseases

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21
Q

Immunodeficiency disease

A

any of a group of diseases, either congenital or acquired, caused by a defect in the immune system and generally characterized by susceptibility to infections in chronic disease

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22
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

Malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat, muscle and fibrous tissue that is commonly fatal

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23
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

inflammation and enlargement of the lymph nodes

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24
Q

lymphedema

A

Accumulation of fluid and soft tissue, resulting from blockage of lymph that prevents lymph fluid from draining which causes fluid buildup to swelling

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25
Q

Lymphoma

A

any malignant tumor of the lymph nodes or other lymph tissue

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26
Q

Hodgkin

A

malignant disease involving the lymph nodes and the spleen, characterized by the present of unique Reed-Sternberg calls in the lymph nodes

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27
Q

non-Hodgkin

A

A group of more than 20 different types of lymphoma that occur in older adults but are not characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells

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28
Q

Mononucleosis

A

acute infection caused by Epstein-Barr virus EBV

29
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant disease of bone marrow plasma cells

30
Q

Opportunistic infection

A

any infection that results from a defective immune system that cannot defend against pathogens normally found in the environment

31
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

removal of bone marrow tissue for microscopic examination

32
Q

complete blood count CBC

A

series of blood tests to determine general health status as well as screening for infection, anemias, and other diseases

33
Q

enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

A

test screen blood for presence of HIV antibodies or for other disease causing substances

34
Q

lymphangiography

A

radiographic examination of lymph glands and lymphatic vessels after injection of a contrast medium to view the path of lymph flow as it moves from the chest region

35
Q

Tissue typing

A

technique used to determine the Histocompatibility of tissues

36
Q

Western blot

A

test to defect presence of viral DNA in blood and used to confirm the diagnosis of AIDS as well as for defecting other viruses

37
Q

blood transfusion

A

administration of whole blood or a component such as packed red blood cells to replace blood loss through trauma surgery or disease

38
Q

bone marrow transplant

A

Diseased bone marrow is destroyed by irritation and chemotherapy, and replaced from a healthy donor to stimulate production of normal blood cell

39
Q

lymphangiectomy

A

Removal of a lymph vessel

40
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Prevent or delay blood coagulation

41
Q

Immunizations

A

vaccination or infection of immune globulin to indicate immunity to a particular infectious disease

42
Q

Immunosuppressants

A

suppress the immune response to prevent organ rejection after transplantation or slow the progression of auto immune disease

43
Q

Thrombolytics

A

Dissolve a blood clot

44
Q

Vaccinations

A

introduction of altered antigens into the body to produce an immune response and protect against disease

45
Q

agglutin/o

A

clumping, gluing

46
Q

embol/o

A

embolus (plug)

47
Q

erythr/o

A

red

48
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

49
Q

leuk/o

A

white

50
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow, spinal cord

51
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

52
Q

ven/o

A

vein

53
Q

aden/o

A

gland

54
Q

immun/o

A

immune, immunity, safe

55
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph

56
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph gland (node)

57
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

58
Q

phag/o

A

swallowing, eating

59
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

60
Q

thym/o

A

thymus glando0

61
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

62
Q

-phage

A

swallowing, eating

63
Q

-phylaxis

A

protection

64
Q

-poiesis

A

formation, production

65
Q

-stasis

A

standing still

66
Q

macro-

A

large

67
Q

micro-

A

small

68
Q

mono-

A

one

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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