Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
angioplasty
surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery
arteries
large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
capillaries
microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules
congenital
pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth, which may result from genetic or environmental causes
metabolism
The sum of all the physical and chemical changes that take place within anorganism
veins
vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart
anerysm/o
widening, widened blood vessel
aort/o
aorta
arter/o, ateri/o
artery
ather/o
fatty plague
atril/o
atrium
cardi/o, coron/o
heart
phleb/o, ven/o
vein
thromb/o
blood clot
varic/o
dilated vein
vas/o, vascul/o
vessel
ventricul/o
ventricle (of the heart or brain)
-cardia
heart condition
-gram
record, writing
- graph
instrument for recording
-graphy
process of recording
-stenosis
narrowing, structure
brady-
slow
endo-
in, withing
epi-
above, upon
peri-
around
aneurysm
An abnormal ballooning of a portion of an artery as a result of weakness in its wall that is at risk for rupturing
angina pectoris
mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; also called angina
arrhythemia
irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia
fibrillation
An irregular, often rapid heart rate that commonly causes poor blood flow.
arteriosclerosis
Term meaning an abnormal condition of hardening of the arteries
atherosclerosis
the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls
bruit
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow
embolus
Term describing a blood clot that becomes lodged in a blood vessel
heart block
disease of the electrical system of the heart, which controls activity of heart muscle
first degree heart block
atrioventricular block in which atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conduced to the ventricles
second degree heart block
AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles
third degree heart block
Av block in which NO ELECTRICAL IMPULSES reach the ventricles
heart failure (HF)
occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood flow to meet the needs of the body and can cause a number of symptoms, such as shortness of breath, leg swelling, and exercise intolerance
hypertension (HTN)
consistently elevated blood pressure, causing damage to the blood vessels and, ultimately, the heart
ischemia
inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part as a result o fan interruption of blood flow
mitral value prolapse (MVP)
structural abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) value does close completely, resulting in backflow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction
myocardial infarction (MI)
Necrosis of a portion of the cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries, or heart attack
murmur
abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the values or chambers of the heart
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
a heart defect that can develop soon after birth
Raynaud disease
Severe, sudden vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes with exposure to cold temperatures or stress
rheumatic heart disease
streptococcal infection that caused damage to the heart values and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults
thrombus
a stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascular obstruction - also called blood clot
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in one of the deep veins of the lower legs
cardiac catheterization
insertion of a small tube (catheter) through a vein or artery, usually of an arm (branchial approach) or leg (femoral approach)
cardiac enzyme studies
The battery of blood test used to determine the presence of cardiac damage
Doppler ultrasonography
ultrasound technique that records blood flow velocity (speed) to image major blood vessels (arteries of veins in arms, neck, legs, abdomen) to detect obstructions caused by atherosclerotic plaques in the plaques at risk of a stroke
echocardiography`
ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart’s chamber and values are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditions
electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)
creation and the study of grpahic recordings (electrocardiogram) produced by electrical activity generated by the heart muscle
holter monitor
monitoring device worn by a patient that records electrocardiograph readings on a portable recorder
stress test
electrocardiography (ECG) taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (typically using a treadmill) while measuring oxygen consumption
nuclear scan
ECG that uses a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow
troponin I
blood test that measures protein released into blood by damaged heart muscle (not skeletal muscle) and is a highly sensitive, specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction (MI)
angioplasty
Surgery to open a blocked artery of the heart by inflating a balloon within a catheter
cardioversion
restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical countershock to the chest by using a device (defibrillator)
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Bypass surgery where peripheral veins are sutured into the coronary artery to create new routes around blocked arteries
defibrillator
device used to administer a defibrillating electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm
automatic implantable cardioverter- defibrillator (AICD)
surgical implanted electrical device that continuously monitors and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low energy shocks to the heart
automatic external defibrillator (AED)
portable computerized device that analyzes the patient’s heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest
endarterectomy
surgical removal of the lining of an artery
carotid endarterectomy
Removal of plaque and thromboses from an occluded artery to reduce the risk of stroke
endogenous laser therapy (EVLT)
treatment of large varicose veins in the legs, in which a later fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to hear the lining within the vein, causing it to collapse, shrink, and eventually disappear
sclerotherapy
chemical injection into a varicose vein that caused inflammation and formation of fibrous tissues, which closes the vein
valvuoplasty
a minimally invasive structural heart disease treatment to open a narrowed heart valve.
anticoagulants
prevent clotting or coagulation of blood
beta blockers
slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart muscle contracts, lowering blood pressure
nitrates
The drugs used to relieve chest pain associated with angina
statins
reduce cholesterol levels in blood and block production of an enzyme in the liver that produces cholesterol
thrombolytics
dissolve (lyse) blood clots in a process known as thrombolysis
transient ischemic attack (TIA)
blood supply is briefly interrupted but does not cause permanent brain damage, also called mini strokes
congestive heart failure
A fatal progressive condition in which the heart cannot pump adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs is called
thrombolysis
dissolving or destruction of a blood clot
anteriorrhaphy
Term meaning suture of an artery
varicose veins
Dilation on veins from long periods of standing or laying that are painful are can cause DVT’s
