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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical procedure that opens a blocked artery by inflating a small balloon within a catheter to widen and restore blood flow in the artery

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2
Q

arteries

A

large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

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3
Q

capillaries

A

microscopic blood vessels joining arterioles and venules

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4
Q

congenital

A

pertaining to presence of a disorder at the time of birth, which may result from genetic or environmental causes

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5
Q

metabolism

A

The sum of all the physical and chemical changes that take place within anorganism

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6
Q

veins

A

vessels that return deoxygenated blood to the heart

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7
Q

anerysm/o

A

widening, widened blood vessel

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8
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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9
Q

arter/o, ateri/o

A

artery

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10
Q

ather/o

A

fatty plague

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11
Q

atril/o

A

atrium

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12
Q

cardi/o, coron/o

A

heart

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13
Q

phleb/o, ven/o

A

vein

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14
Q

thromb/o

A

blood clot

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15
Q

varic/o

A

dilated vein

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16
Q

vas/o, vascul/o

A

vessel

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17
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle (of the heart or brain)

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18
Q

-cardia

A

heart condition

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19
Q

-gram

A

record, writing

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20
Q
  • graph
A

instrument for recording

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21
Q

-graphy

A

process of recording

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22
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, structure

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23
Q

brady-

A

slow

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24
Q

endo-

A

in, withing

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25
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

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26
Q

peri-

A

around

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27
Q

aneurysm

A

An abnormal ballooning of a portion of an artery as a result of weakness in its wall that is at risk for rupturing

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28
Q

angina pectoris

A

mild to severe pain or pressure in the chest caused by ischemia; also called angina

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29
Q

arrhythemia

A

irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat; also called dysrhythmia

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30
Q

fibrillation

A

An irregular, often rapid heart rate that commonly causes poor blood flow.

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31
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

Term meaning an abnormal condition of hardening of the arteries

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32
Q

atherosclerosis

A

the buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls

33
Q

bruit

A

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation caused by turbulent blood flow

34
Q

embolus

A

Term describing a blood clot that becomes lodged in a blood vessel

35
Q

heart block

A

disease of the electrical system of the heart, which controls activity of heart muscle

36
Q

first degree heart block

A

atrioventricular block in which atrial electrical impulses are delayed by a fraction of a second before being conduced to the ventricles

37
Q

second degree heart block

A

AV block in which only some atrial electrical impulses are conducted to the ventricles

38
Q

third degree heart block

A

Av block in which NO ELECTRICAL IMPULSES reach the ventricles

39
Q

heart failure (HF)

A

occurs when the heart is unable to pump enough blood flow to meet the needs of the body and can cause a number of symptoms, such as shortness of breath, leg swelling, and exercise intolerance

40
Q

hypertension (HTN)

A

consistently elevated blood pressure, causing damage to the blood vessels and, ultimately, the heart

41
Q

ischemia

A

inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to a body part as a result o fan interruption of blood flow

42
Q

mitral value prolapse (MVP)

A

structural abnormality in which the mitral (bicuspid) value does close completely, resulting in backflow of blood into the left atrium with each contraction

43
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

Necrosis of a portion of the cardiac muscle caused by partial or complete occlusion of one or more coronary arteries, or heart attack

44
Q

murmur

A

abnormal sound heard on auscultation caused by defects in the values or chambers of the heart

45
Q

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

a heart defect that can develop soon after birth

46
Q

Raynaud disease

A

Severe, sudden vasoconstriction and spasm in fingers and toes with exposure to cold temperatures or stress

47
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

streptococcal infection that caused damage to the heart values and heart muscle, most commonly in children and young adults

48
Q

thrombus

A

a stationary blood clot formed within a blood vessel or within the heart, commonly causing vascular obstruction - also called blood clot

49
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in one of the deep veins of the lower legs

50
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

insertion of a small tube (catheter) through a vein or artery, usually of an arm (branchial approach) or leg (femoral approach)

51
Q

cardiac enzyme studies

A

The battery of blood test used to determine the presence of cardiac damage

52
Q

Doppler ultrasonography

A

ultrasound technique that records blood flow velocity (speed) to image major blood vessels (arteries of veins in arms, neck, legs, abdomen) to detect obstructions caused by atherosclerotic plaques in the plaques at risk of a stroke

53
Q

echocardiography`

A

ultrasound technique used to image the heart and evaluate how the heart’s chamber and values are working and to diagnose and detect pathological conditions

54
Q

electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)

A

creation and the study of grpahic recordings (electrocardiogram) produced by electrical activity generated by the heart muscle

55
Q

holter monitor

A

monitoring device worn by a patient that records electrocardiograph readings on a portable recorder

56
Q

stress test

A

electrocardiography (ECG) taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (typically using a treadmill) while measuring oxygen consumption

57
Q

nuclear scan

A

ECG that uses a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow

58
Q

troponin I

A

blood test that measures protein released into blood by damaged heart muscle (not skeletal muscle) and is a highly sensitive, specific indicator of recent myocardial infarction (MI)

59
Q

angioplasty

A

Surgery to open a blocked artery of the heart by inflating a balloon within a catheter

60
Q

cardioversion

A

restoration of normal heart rhythm by applying an electrical countershock to the chest by using a device (defibrillator)

61
Q

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

Bypass surgery where peripheral veins are sutured into the coronary artery to create new routes around blocked arteries

62
Q

defibrillator

A

device used to administer a defibrillating electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm

63
Q

automatic implantable cardioverter- defibrillator (AICD)

A

surgical implanted electrical device that continuously monitors and corrects potentially fatal arrhythmias by delivering low energy shocks to the heart

64
Q

automatic external defibrillator (AED)

A

portable computerized device that analyzes the patient’s heart rhythm and delivers an electrical shock to stimulate a heart in cardiac arrest

65
Q

endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of an artery

66
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

Removal of plaque and thromboses from an occluded artery to reduce the risk of stroke

67
Q

endogenous laser therapy (EVLT)

A

treatment of large varicose veins in the legs, in which a later fiber is inserted directly into the affected vein to hear the lining within the vein, causing it to collapse, shrink, and eventually disappear

68
Q

sclerotherapy

A

chemical injection into a varicose vein that caused inflammation and formation of fibrous tissues, which closes the vein

69
Q

valvuoplasty

A

a minimally invasive structural heart disease treatment to open a narrowed heart valve.

70
Q

anticoagulants

A

prevent clotting or coagulation of blood

71
Q

beta blockers

A

slow the heart rate and reduce the force with which the heart muscle contracts, lowering blood pressure

72
Q

nitrates

A

The drugs used to relieve chest pain associated with angina

73
Q

statins

A

reduce cholesterol levels in blood and block production of an enzyme in the liver that produces cholesterol

74
Q

thrombolytics

A

dissolve (lyse) blood clots in a process known as thrombolysis

75
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

blood supply is briefly interrupted but does not cause permanent brain damage, also called mini strokes

76
Q

congestive heart failure

A

A fatal progressive condition in which the heart cannot pump adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs is called

77
Q

thrombolysis

A

dissolving or destruction of a blood clot

78
Q

anterior​rhaphy

A

Term meaning suture of an artery

79
Q

varicose veins

A

Dilation on veins from long periods of standing or laying that are painful are can cause DVT’s

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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