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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4: Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Respiratory System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

diagnosis

A

identification of a disease or condition

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2
Q

pumonary

A

pertaining to the lungs or the respiratory system

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3
Q

respiration

A

the act of breathing

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4
Q

thoricac

A

pertaining to the thorax or thoracic cage

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5
Q

thoracic cage

A

bony enclosure formed by the sternum, costal cartilages, ribs, and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae

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6
Q

vascular

A

pertaining to the blood vessel

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7
Q

adenoid/o

A

adenoids

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8
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx (voice box)

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9
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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10
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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11
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx (throat)

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12
Q

tonsil/o

A

tonsil

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12
Q

trache/o

A

trachea (windpipe)

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12
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

A

adenoids, larynx, nose, pharynx, tonsils, and trachea

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13
Q

alveol/o

A

alveolus; air sac

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14
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchus, bronchi

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15
Q

bronchi/o

A

plural combining form for bronchi

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16
Q

bronchiol/o

A

bronchiole

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17
Q

phren/o

A

diaphragm

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18
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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19
Q

pneum/o

A

air; lung

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20
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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21
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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22
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract

A

alveolus, bronchus, bronchiole, diaphragm, pleura, lung, and chest

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23
Q

aer/o

A

air

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24
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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25
Q

muc/o

A

mucus

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26
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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27
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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28
Q

py/o

A

pus

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29
Q

a-

A

without, not

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30
Q

brady-

A

slow

31
Q

dys-

A

bad, painful, difficult

32
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

33
Q

tachy-

A

rapid

34
Q

crackles

A

fine crackling or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli, also called rales

35
Q

friction rub

A

dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation (listening for sounds within the body)

36
Q

rhonchi

A

loud coarse or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration; caused by obstructed airways

37
Q

stridor

A

high pitched, musical sound made on inspiration; caused by an obstruction to the trachea or the larynx

38
Q

wheezes

A

continuous high-pitched whistling sounds, usually during expiration; caused by narrowing of an airway

39
Q

acidosis

A

excessive acidity of blood as a result of lots of acid or excessive bicarbonate cause by high levels of carbon dioxide

40
Q

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

life-threatening buildup of fluid in the airsacs (alveoli) preventing enough oxygen from passing into the blood stream

41
Q

anosmia

A

absence or decrease in the sense of smell

42
Q

anoxia

A

total absence of oxygen in the body tissues

43
Q

asphyxia

A

condition of insufficient intake of oxygen

44
Q

asthma

A

inflammatory airway disorder that results in attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing

45
Q

atelectasis

A

collapse of a lung or part of a lung

46
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the bronchial tubes

47
Q

coryza

A

acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge, also called a cold

48
Q

croup

A

acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants, and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor

49
Q

cystic fibrosis (CF)

A

genetic disease that is one of the most common types of chronic lung disease in children and young adults and causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract, possibly resulting in early death

50
Q

emphysema

A

chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD) - a lung condition caused by shortness of breath

51
Q

epistaxis

A

hemorrhage from the nose, also called nosebleed

52
Q

hypercapnia

A

greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in blood

53
Q

hypoxemia

A

deficiency of oxygen in blood; usually a sign of respiratory impairment

54
Q

hypoxia

A

deficiency of oxygen in the body tissues

55
Q

influenza

A

acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain

56
Q

otitis media (OM)

A

inflammation of the middle ear

57
Q

exudative

A

OM with the presence of fluid, such as pus or serum

58
Q

pertussis

A

acute infectious disease characterized by a “whoop”- sounding cough; also called the whooping cough

59
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleural membrane

60
Q

pneumothorax

A

collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, causing the complete or partial collapse of a lung

61
Q

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well infant, also called crib death

62
Q

arterial blood gases (ABGs)

A

group of tests that measure oxygen and carbon dioxide in an arterial blood sample

63
Q

Mantoux test

A

Intradermal test used to determine recent or pass exposure to tuberculosis

64
Q

polysomnography (PSG)

A

sleep study monitored by a technician while the patient sleeps; used to evaluate physical factors affecting sleep

65
Q

pulmonary function tests (PFTs)

A

various tests used to determine the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently

66
Q

spirometry

A

common lung function test that measures and records the volume and rate of inhaled and exhaled air

67
Q

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

basic emergency procedure for life support, consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac message

68
Q

endotracheal intubation

A

procedure in which an airway catheter is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea just above the bronchi in patients who are unable to breath on their own also used to administer oxygen, medication, or anesthesia

69
Q

postal drainage

A

use of body positioning to assist in the removal of secretions from specific lobes of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities

70
Q

thoracentesis

A

use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space

71
Q

tracheostomy

A

incision into the trachea and creation of a permanent opening thorough which tube is inserted to keep the opening patent

72
Q

bronchodialators

A

dilate constricted airways by relaxing muscle spasms in the bronchial tubes through oral administration

73
Q

corticosteroids

A

suppress the inflammatory reaction that causes swelling and narrowing of the bronchi

74
Q

expectorants

A

improve the ability to cough up mucus from the respiratory tractt

75
Q

metered-dose

A

device that enables the patient to self administer a specific amount of medication into the lungs through inhalation

76
Q

nebulized mist

A

method of administering medication directly into the lungs by using a device that produces and fine spray (example: inhaler)

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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