Chapter 4: Respiratory System Flashcards
diagnosis
identification of a disease or condition
pumonary
pertaining to the lungs or the respiratory system
respiration
the act of breathing
thoricac
pertaining to the thorax or thoracic cage
thoracic cage
bony enclosure formed by the sternum, costal cartilages, ribs, and the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae
vascular
pertaining to the blood vessel
adenoid/o
adenoids
laryng/o
larynx (voice box)
nas/o
nose
rhin/o
nose
pharyng/o
pharynx (throat)
tonsil/o
tonsil
trache/o
trachea (windpipe)
Upper Respiratory Tract
adenoids, larynx, nose, pharynx, tonsils, and trachea
alveol/o
alveolus; air sac
bronch/o
bronchus, bronchi
bronchi/o
plural combining form for bronchi
bronchiol/o
bronchiole
phren/o
diaphragm
pleur/o
pleura
pneum/o
air; lung
pulmon/o
lung
thorac/o
chest
Lower Respiratory Tract
alveolus, bronchus, bronchiole, diaphragm, pleura, lung, and chest
aer/o
air
cyan/o
blue
muc/o
mucus
myc/o
fungus
orth/o
straight
py/o
pus
a-
without, not
brady-
slow
dys-
bad, painful, difficult
eu-
good, normal
tachy-
rapid
crackles
fine crackling or bubbling sounds, commonly heard during inspiration when there is fluid in the alveoli, also called rales
friction rub
dry, grating sound heard with a stethoscope during auscultation (listening for sounds within the body)
rhonchi
loud coarse or snoring sounds heard during inspiration or expiration; caused by obstructed airways
stridor
high pitched, musical sound made on inspiration; caused by an obstruction to the trachea or the larynx
wheezes
continuous high-pitched whistling sounds, usually during expiration; caused by narrowing of an airway
acidosis
excessive acidity of blood as a result of lots of acid or excessive bicarbonate cause by high levels of carbon dioxide
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
life-threatening buildup of fluid in the airsacs (alveoli) preventing enough oxygen from passing into the blood stream
anosmia
absence or decrease in the sense of smell
anoxia
total absence of oxygen in the body tissues
asphyxia
condition of insufficient intake of oxygen
asthma
inflammatory airway disorder that results in attacks of wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing
atelectasis
collapse of a lung or part of a lung
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchial tubes
coryza
acute inflammation of the nasal passages accompanied by profuse nasal discharge, also called a cold
croup
acute respiratory syndrome that occurs primarily in children and infants, and is characterized by laryngeal obstruction and spasm, barking cough, and stridor
cystic fibrosis (CF)
genetic disease that is one of the most common types of chronic lung disease in children and young adults and causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract, possibly resulting in early death
emphysema
chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD) - a lung condition caused by shortness of breath
epistaxis
hemorrhage from the nose, also called nosebleed
hypercapnia
greater than normal amounts of carbon dioxide in blood
hypoxemia
deficiency of oxygen in blood; usually a sign of respiratory impairment
hypoxia
deficiency of oxygen in the body tissues
influenza
acute, contagious respiratory infection characterized by sudden onset of fever, chills, headache, and muscle pain
otitis media (OM)
inflammation of the middle ear
exudative
OM with the presence of fluid, such as pus or serum
pertussis
acute infectious disease characterized by a “whoop”- sounding cough; also called the whooping cough
pleurisy
inflammation of the pleural membrane
pneumothorax
collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, causing the complete or partial collapse of a lung
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well infant, also called crib death
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
group of tests that measure oxygen and carbon dioxide in an arterial blood sample
Mantoux test
Intradermal test used to determine recent or pass exposure to tuberculosis
polysomnography (PSG)
sleep study monitored by a technician while the patient sleeps; used to evaluate physical factors affecting sleep
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
various tests used to determine the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently
spirometry
common lung function test that measures and records the volume and rate of inhaled and exhaled air
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
basic emergency procedure for life support, consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac message
endotracheal intubation
procedure in which an airway catheter is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea just above the bronchi in patients who are unable to breath on their own also used to administer oxygen, medication, or anesthesia
postal drainage
use of body positioning to assist in the removal of secretions from specific lobes of the lung, bronchi, or lung cavities
thoracentesis
use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space
tracheostomy
incision into the trachea and creation of a permanent opening thorough which tube is inserted to keep the opening patent
bronchodialators
dilate constricted airways by relaxing muscle spasms in the bronchial tubes through oral administration
corticosteroids
suppress the inflammatory reaction that causes swelling and narrowing of the bronchi
expectorants
improve the ability to cough up mucus from the respiratory tractt
metered-dose
device that enables the patient to self administer a specific amount of medication into the lungs through inhalation
nebulized mist
method of administering medication directly into the lungs by using a device that produces and fine spray (example: inhaler)
