Chapter 8: Urinary System Flashcards
dialysis
mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly
electrolytes
solutions that conduct electricity, such as acids, bases, and salts (sodium, potassium)
metabolism
sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in an organism
pH
symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance
cyst/o, vesic/o
bladder
glomerul/o
glomerulus
meat/o
opening, meatus
nephr/o, ren/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ur/o, urin/o
urine, urinary tract
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
ptosis
prolapse, downward placement
-uria
urine
poly-
many, mcuh
supra-
above, excessive, superior
azoturia
increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine
cystocele
bulging of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina as a result of weakening of supportive tissue between the bladder and the vagina
diuresis
increased formation and secretion of urine
dysuria
painful or difficult urination, typically caused by a urinary tract condition
edema
abnormal accumulation of fluids in the cell, tissues, or other parts of the body that may be a sing of kidney failure other disease
end-stage renal disease
kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidney can no longer adequately filter blood
enuresis
Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which the bladder control should be established
Hypospadias
abnormal continental opening of the male urethra on the under surface of the penis
interstitial nephritis
form of nephritis in which pathological changes in renal interstitial tissue result in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function
Nephrolithiasis
formation of calculate in the kidney that results when substances that are normally dissolved in urine solidify
Renal hypertension
High blood pressure that results from kidney disease
Uremia
elevated level of urea and other nitrogen waste products in blood
urinary tract infection
Infection of the kidneys, uterus, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or spread to the kidney from the blood
Wilm tumor
Malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before each 5 years and includes common early signs such as hypertension, a palpable mass, pain, and hematuria
blood urea nitrogen
Laboratory test that measures the amount of urea in blood and demonstrates the kidneys ability to filter urea from blood for excretion in urine
culture and sensitivity
Laboratory test that isolate and grow colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and determine which drugs might be effective for combating an infection
kidneys, uterus, bladder
radiographic examination to determine the location, size, shape, and possible malformation of the kidneys, uterus, and bladder
pyelography
radiographic study of kidneys, uterus, and usually the bladder after infection of a contrast agent
intravenous pyelography
radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary track
retrograde pyelography
radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and uterus to provide detailed utilization of the urinary structures into locate urinary tract obstruction
Renal scan
Nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function in shape through measurement of a radioactive substance injected intravenously that contracts in the kidneys
Urinalysis
physical chemical and microscopic analysis of urine
Voiding cystourethrography
radiography of the bladder and urethra during the process of avoiding urine after filling the bladder with the contrast medium
Catheterization
Insertion of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid
Cystoscopy
Insertion of a rigid or flexible cystoscope through the urethra to examine the urinary bladder, obtain biopsy specimens of tumors or other growth, and remove polyps
Lithotripsy
Method of removing stones by crushing them into smaller pieces so that they can be expelled in urine
Extracorporal shockwave
Use of the powerful sound wave vibrations to break up stones in the kidneys
Nephrolithotomy
surgical procedure that involves a small incision in the skin and insertion of an endoscope into the kidney to remove a renal calculus
renal transplantation
Organ transplantation of a kidney in a patient with in stage renal disease
Ureteral stent
insertion of a thin tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney
antibiotics
treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes
antispasmodics
decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, allowing normal emptying of the bladder
diuretics
Block reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, increasing the amount of salt and water excreted in the urine
UA
refers to physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of the urine
Wilms Tumor
a malignant neoplasm in the kidney that occurs in young children
azoturia
is an increase in nitrogenous compounds in urine
dysuria
increased formation and secretion of urine
radiological technique in which a contrast medium is introduced though a cystoscope to provide detailed visualization of the urine
hydronephorosis
accumulation of urine in the kidney as a result of an obstruction in a ureter
associated with pathological charges in the renal interstitial tissue, which may primary or caused by a toxic agent
BUN
is a test that measures the amount of urea excreted by kidneys into blood
enuresis
means urinary incontinences, including bed wetting
catherization
refers to insertion of a hollow, flexible tube into a body cavity or organ to instill a substances or remove fluid
VCUG
is radiography of the bladder and urethra after introduction of a contrast medium and during the process of urination
uremia
refers to an elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood
renal hypertension
refers to high blood pressure that results from kidney disease
dialysis
is the mechanical filtering process used to cleanse blood of high concentrations of metabolic waste products
