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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8: Urinary System > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Urinary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

dialysis

A

mechanical filtering process used to remove metabolic waste products from blood, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly

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2
Q

electrolytes

A

solutions that conduct electricity, such as acids, bases, and salts (sodium, potassium)

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3
Q

metabolism

A

sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in an organism

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4
Q

pH

A

symbol for degree of acidity or alkalinity of a substance

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5
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

bladder

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6
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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7
Q

meat/o

A

opening, meatus

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8
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidney

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9
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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10
Q

ur/o, urin/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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11
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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12
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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13
Q

ptosis

A

prolapse, downward placement

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14
Q

-uria

A

urine

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15
Q

poly-

A

many, mcuh

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16
Q

supra-

A

above, excessive, superior

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17
Q

azoturia

A

increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine

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18
Q

cystocele

A

bulging of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina as a result of weakening of supportive tissue between the bladder and the vagina

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19
Q

diuresis

A

increased formation and secretion of urine

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20
Q

dysuria

A

painful or difficult urination, typically caused by a urinary tract condition

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21
Q

edema

A

abnormal accumulation of fluids in the cell, tissues, or other parts of the body that may be a sing of kidney failure other disease

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22
Q

end-stage renal disease

A

kidney disease that has advanced to the point that the kidney can no longer adequately filter blood

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23
Q

enuresis

A

Involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which the bladder control should be established

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24
Q

Hypospadias

A

abnormal continental opening of the male urethra on the under surface of the penis

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25
Q

interstitial nephritis

A

form of nephritis in which pathological changes in renal interstitial tissue result in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function

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26
Q

Nephrolithiasis

A

formation of calculate in the kidney that results when substances that are normally dissolved in urine solidify

27
Q

Renal hypertension

A

High blood pressure that results from kidney disease

28
Q

Uremia

A

elevated level of urea and other nitrogen waste products in blood

29
Q

urinary tract infection

A

Infection of the kidneys, uterus, or bladder by microorganisms that either ascend from the urethra or spread to the kidney from the blood

30
Q

Wilm tumor

A

Malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before each 5 years and includes common early signs such as hypertension, a palpable mass, pain, and hematuria

31
Q

blood urea nitrogen

A

Laboratory test that measures the amount of urea in blood and demonstrates the kidneys ability to filter urea from blood for excretion in urine

32
Q

culture and sensitivity

A

Laboratory test that isolate and grow colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen and determine which drugs might be effective for combating an infection

33
Q

kidneys, uterus, bladder

A

radiographic examination to determine the location, size, shape, and possible malformation of the kidneys, uterus, and bladder

34
Q

pyelography

A

radiographic study of kidneys, uterus, and usually the bladder after infection of a contrast agent

35
Q

intravenous pyelography

A

radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary track

36
Q

retrograde pyelography

A

radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and uterus to provide detailed utilization of the urinary structures into locate urinary tract obstruction

37
Q

Renal scan

A

Nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function in shape through measurement of a radioactive substance injected intravenously that contracts in the kidneys

38
Q

Urinalysis

A

physical chemical and microscopic analysis of urine

39
Q

Voiding cystourethrography

A

radiography of the bladder and urethra during the process of avoiding urine after filling the bladder with the contrast medium

40
Q

Catheterization

A

Insertion of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid

41
Q

Cystoscopy

A

Insertion of a rigid or flexible cystoscope through the urethra to examine the urinary bladder, obtain biopsy specimens of tumors or other growth, and remove polyps

42
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Method of removing stones by crushing them into smaller pieces so that they can be expelled in urine

43
Q

Extracorporal shockwave

A

Use of the powerful sound wave vibrations to break up stones in the kidneys

44
Q

Nephrolithotomy

A

surgical procedure that involves a small incision in the skin and insertion of an endoscope into the kidney to remove a renal calculus

45
Q

renal transplantation

A

Organ transplantation of a kidney in a patient with in stage renal disease

46
Q

Ureteral stent

A

insertion of a thin tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney

47
Q

antibiotics

A

treat bacterial infections of the urinary tract by acting on the bacterial membrane or one of its metabolic processes

48
Q

antispasmodics

A

decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, allowing normal emptying of the bladder

49
Q

diuretics

A

Block reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, increasing the amount of salt and water excreted in the urine

50
Q

UA

A

refers to physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of the urine

51
Q

Wilms Tumor

A

a malignant neoplasm in the kidney that occurs in young children

52
Q

azoturia

A

is an increase in nitrogenous compounds in urine

53
Q

dysuria

A

increased formation and secretion of urine

54
Q
A

radiological technique in which a contrast medium is introduced though a cystoscope to provide detailed visualization of the urine

55
Q

hydronephorosis

A

accumulation of urine in the kidney as a result of an obstruction in a ureter

56
Q
A

associated with pathological charges in the renal interstitial tissue, which may primary or caused by a toxic agent

57
Q

BUN

A

is a test that measures the amount of urea excreted by kidneys into blood

58
Q

enuresis

A

means urinary incontinences, including bed wetting

59
Q

catherization

A

refers to insertion of a hollow, flexible tube into a body cavity or organ to instill a substances or remove fluid

60
Q

VCUG

A

is radiography of the bladder and urethra after introduction of a contrast medium and during the process of urination

61
Q

uremia

A

refers to an elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood

62
Q

renal hypertension

A

refers to high blood pressure that results from kidney disease

63
Q

dialysis

A

is the mechanical filtering process used to cleanse blood of high concentrations of metabolic waste products

64
Q
A

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

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