Chapter 10: Endocrine System

Question 1

homeostatsis

Answer 1

ability of the body to maintain a state of equilibrium within its internal environment

Question 2

hormone

Answer 2

chemical substance produced by specialized cells of the body

Question 3

metabolism

Answer 3

sum of all chemical an physicals processes occurring within living cells

Question 4

aden/o

Answer 4

gland

Question 5

adrenal/o, adren/o

Answer 5

adrenal glands

Question 6

calc/o

Answer 6

calcium

Question 7

gluc/o, glyc/o

Answer 7

sugar, sweetness

Question 8

pancreat/o

Answer 8

pancreas

Question 9

parathyroid/o

Answer 9

parathyroid glands

Question 10

pituitar/o

Answer 10

pituitary gland

Question 11

thym/o

Answer 11

thymus gland

Question 12

thry/o, thyroid/o

Answer 12

thyroid gland

Question 13

toxic/o

Answer 13

posion

Question 14

hyper-

Answer 14

above normal

Question 15

poly-

Answer 15

many/much

Question 16

-crine

Answer 16

to secrete

Question 17

-ism

Answer 17

condition

Question 18

-toxic

Answer 18

poison

Question 19

addison disease

Answer 19

hypo functioning of the adrenal cortex that results in generalized malaise, weakness, muscle atrophy, sever loss of fluids and electrolytes, low blood pressure, hypoglycemia, and hyperpigmentation of the skin

Question 20

cushing syndrome

Answer 20

cluster of symptoms caused by excessive amounts of cortisol or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) circulating in blood, may result from the use of oral corticosteroid medication or caused by tumors that produces cortisol or ACTH

Question 21

diabetes mellitus (DM)

Answer 21

group of metabolic diseases characterized by high glucose levels that result from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both that occur in 2 primary forms: type 1 or type 2

Question 22

type 1 diabetes

Answer 22

abrupt onset of DM, usually in childhood, caused by destruction of the beta islet cells of the pancreas, with complete deficiency of insulin secretion that requires injection of insulin from one to several times a day to maintain normal blood glucose levels

Question 23

type 2 diabetes

Answer 23

gradual onset of DM, usually appearing in middle age and caused by deficiency in the production of insulin or resistance to the action of insulin by the cells of the body

Question 24

insulinoma

Answer 24

a rare, noncancerous tumor in the pancreas that produces too much insulin, causing low blood sugar

Question 25

pancreatitis

Answer 25

inflation of the pancreas that occurs when pancreatic enzymes that digest food are activated, causing damage to the gland - caused by alcoholism and biliary tract disease

Question 26

panhypopituitarism

Answer 26

total pituitary impairments that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity

Question 27

pheochromocytoma

Answer 27

rare adrenal gland tumor that causes excessive release of epinephrine and norepinephrine sever blood pressure elevation

Question 28

fasting blood glucose (FBG)

Answer 28

test that measures glucose levels in blood after the patient has fasted (not eaten) for 8 hours, used to diagnose pancreatic disorders

Question 29

glucose tolerance test (GTT)

Answer 29

test in which a patient fasts for 8 to 12 hours and then ingests glucose, and blood samples are taken to determine how quickly the glucose is cleared from blood, used to diagnose diabetes

Question 30

radioactive iodine uptake test (RAIU)

Answer 30

imaging procedure that measures levels of radioactivity in the thyroid after oral or intravenous administration of radioactive iodine, used to determine thyroid function

Question 31

thyroid function test (TFT)

Answer 31

blood test that measures thyroid hormone levels to detect and increase or decrease of thyroid functin

Question 32

total calcium

Answer 32

blood test that measures calcium to detect parathyroid and bone disorders

Question 33

lobectomy

Answer 33

removal of one lobe in treatment of endocrine disease, such as hyperthyroidism

Question 34

thymectomy

Answer 34

excision of the thymus gland in cases of myasthenia gravis or a tumor

Question 35

transsphenoidal hypophysectomy

Answer 35

minimally invasive endoscopic surgery that removes pituitary tumors through the nasal cavity via the sphenoid sinus without affecting the brain

Question 36

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Answer 36

synthetic hormone used to correct deficiency of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, relive symptoms of menopause, and prevent osteoporosis in women

Question 37

insulins

Answer 37

replace insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes or severe type 2 diabetes

Question 38

oral antidiabetics

Answer 38

treat type 2 diabetes by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin or lower glucose levels in blood