Chapter 9: Current Concepts in Weight Management Flashcards
Energy balance equation
Energy balance = Calories consumed - calories expended
Intake of energy exceeds the amount expended
Positive energy balance (weight gain)
Number of calories expended is greater than what is taken in
Negative energy balance (weight loss)
Amount of energy expended in 24 hrs which includes basal metabolism, physical activity and dietary induced thermogenesis
Total energy expenditure (TEE)
Caloric expenditure in a fasting state
Basal energy expenditure (BEE)
BEE makes up _% of total energy expenditure
60-75%
Physical activity makes up _ to _ of total energy expenditure
15 -30%
Most easily manipulated component of TEE
Physical activity
Thermic effect of food makes up _ % of TEE
5 to 10%
Low carb diet is _% days calories from carbs
How many Grams?
20%
20-60 grams
_ diets are below the_ of 45-65% of total calories from carbs
(AMDR)
Low carbohydrate
Acceptable macronutrient distribution range
Dietary fat is stored_
Easily as FAT
Christ like character
You are here to serve!!!
Related to accumulation of excessive amounts of ketone bodies in the body tissues and fluids as a result of fatty acid breakdown
Ketogenic
Dietary regimen of ridding the body of the buildup of toxins
Detox
Dieters can lose _ to _ % of their weight in the first few months of a diet
_ % gain the weight back and then some
5-10%
60%
_ is a drug that decreases absorption of dietary fats, which are excreted through feces
Increase deficiency of _
Orlistat ( xenical)
Fat soluble vitamins
Alli reduces fat absorption by
25%
_ side effects include pulmonary hypertension, thickening of heart valves (valvular heart disease)
Fen-phen
_ increases norepinephrine and serotonin, reducing feelings of hunger
Beneficial affects on:3
Sibutramine
Triglyceride, HDL and blood glucose levels
GI rates impact of food on blood glucose levels compared to the reference food _
Glucose or white bread
Glycemic load:
Glycemic index x Carbs (grams) / by 100
Only change in blood levels seen from low glycemic diet
Decrease in LDL
_ represents how much a given food will affect blood sugar levels
Glycemic load
GI
High
Medium
Low
High70 or greater
Medium 56-69
Low 55 or lower
Bariatric surgery reserved for people with BMI
2
Greater than 40
BMI of 35-40 AND diabetes, sleep apnea, hypertension
_ surgery is re ovine part of the stomach and duodenum resulting in malabsorption and restricted food intake
Gastric bypass(Rou-en-Y)
Successful bariatric surgery results in weight loss of _% with _ months post surgery
50% of initial excess weight
18 to 24 months post surgery
_ are disturbances in eating behavior to control weight
Impair physical and mental health
Eating disorders
Binge eating disorder is diagnosed when
Behaviors occur more than 2 times/week over a 6 month period
Chronic exposure to the hormone _ may have roots in binge eating disorder
Cortisol
Individuals with _ are at risk for electrolyte disturbance, dehydration muscle weakness, cardiac and kidney disfunction
Bulimia nervosa
Loss of potassium as a side effect of bulimia
Can cause
Hypokalemia
Cardiac problems
DAmage to esophagus from recurring vomiting episodes
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Anorexia ratio females to males
10-20:1
Anorexia classification
Females
Males
Females - ammenorhea (at least 3 consecutive cycles)
Males - loss of sexual interest and potency
Anorexia results if left untreated:5
Ammenorhea Bradycardia Osteoporosis IBS Constipation
Females athlete triad
Disordered eating
Menstrual irregularities
Decreased bone mass in athletic women
