Chapter 12: Physical Fitness Assessments Flashcards
Ace IFT model phase 1
Stability and mobility
Ace IFT model phase 2
Movement training
Ace IFT model phase 3
Load training
Ace IFT model phase 4
Performance training
Temp during assessment
68-72 degrees
2 resting measurements for health risk appraisal
BP
HR
2 common pulse sites
Radical artery - wrist
Carotid artery - neck
Higher fitness levels= increased stroke volume =
Reduced heart rate
Slow HR is called:
_ bpm
Sinus bradycardia
Less than 60 bpm
Normal sinus RHR
60 to 100 bpm
Fast HR is called:
_ bpm
Sinus tachycardia
Greater than 100 bpm
Average HR
Men average HR
Women average HR
70-72
60-70
72-80
3 reasons women have higher HR
Smaller chamber size
Lower blood volume circulating less oxygen in the body
Lower hemoglobin levels in women
Elevated RHR greater than 5 bpm over a period of days can indicate
Over training syndrome
HR is _ in the standing and sitting position more than supine or prone position
Elevated
HR is affected by:4
Medication
Digestion
Environment
Body position
Pulsation heard through auscultation is due to _ of the arteries, as blood is pushed through after _
Expansion of arteries
Contraction of left ventricle
Counting first beat as zero will _ Exercise HR
Underestimate
Exercise HR starting at “one” is important during _ settings
Group settings
Calculation for maximal HR
MHR = 208 - (0.7 x Age)
Increase in HR without increase in intensity levels
Cardiovascular drift
3 reasons for cardiovascular drift
Increase in core temp
Dehydration
Blood redistribution
Pressure created by heart as it pumps blood into circulation via ventricular contraction
Systolic BP
Pressure exerted on artery walls as blood remains in arteries during filling phase or btwn beats when heart relaxes
Diastolic BP
Standard site for measuring BP
Brachial artery
Drawback for improper sized cuff when taking BP
Obese/ muscular
Small-frame
Falsely elevated BP readings
Falsely low BP readings
BP
Arm above heart
Arm below heart
BP is reduced
BP is increased
Inflate BP cuff to: (2)
160 mmHg
20-30 mmHg above the point where pulse can no longer be felt
Age 40-70
20 mmHg increase in SBP or 10 mmHg increase in DBP _ risk of cardiovascular disease
Double the risk
Difference of _ mmHg or more between arms increases risk of _ disease (2)
associated with _% risk of dying from heart disease
15 mmHG
Peripheral vascular disease and cerebral vascular disease
70%
Use _ if HR equivalents are needed and actual HR is not reliable (beta blockers)
Borg scale 6 to 20
Test termination
Blood pressure
SBP 250 or greater
DBP 115 or greater
Lightheadedness Pallor (pale skin) Cyanosis (blueish skin - lack of hemoglobin) Nausea Cold, clammy skin
Signs of poor perfusion (5)
Failure of muscular coordination
Fainting
Ataxia
Syncope
Claudication
Leg cramping
Submaximal MHR test:
Deconditioned client
Fit client
Underestimate MHR
Overestimate MHR
1 MET =
ADL require _ METS
3.5 mL/kg/min
5 METS
aerobic testing can be initiated during _ week of training
second week of training
_ point at which blood lactate begins to accumulate, also known as
crossover point
VT1 - first ventilatory threshold
at lower intensities _ is major fuel and need for oxygen is met by in crease in _ as breathing deepens
fat
tidal volume
_ is associated with rapid increase in blood lactate and exaggerated increase in _.
VT2
respiratory rate
compounds that help neutralize acidosis
blood buffers
_ fitness assessment:
contraindicated for those with panic/anxiety attacks
alternative to using target heart rate calcs based on age predicted maximum
uses clients ability to talk comfortably
ventilatory threshold testing using a treadmill
increase _ HR by at each stage by 5bpm - objective of VT / talk test
steady state HR
submaximal test should take _ minutes
8-12 minutes
best treadmill test for overweight, older and deconditioned clients
Balke & Ware treadmill test
_ test
stethoscope and BP cuff
different for men and women
contraindicated for clients with visual or balance problems
Balke & Ware treadmill test
contraindication for _
orthopedic problems
low back pain
foot neuropathy
Balke & Ware treadmill test
Balke & Ware treadmill test terminated when:
clients reaches 85% of age predicted MHR
contraindications for _
osteoarthritis
extreme weather
breathing problems - pollution/ outdoor allergens
Rockport fitness walking test
1st goal in establishing aerobic base
increase exercise duration
2nd goal in cardiovascular fitnness
increase aerobic efficiency (increase VO2max)
excessive body weigh can lead to _ causing back pain
lordosis
non-correctible postural deviations (4)
congenital conditions (scoliosis)
extreme trauma
structural deviation (femoral anteversion)
disease (RA)
osterporosis can lead to _ postural disorder
kyphosis
stork stand balance test - excellent and poor
men
excellent - greater than 50 seconds
poor - less than 20 seconds
stork stand balance test - excellent and poor
women
excellent - greater than 30 seconds
poor - less than 10 seconds
_ test: inability to reach 30 seconds is indicative of inadequate static balance and postural control
sharpened rhomberg test
trunk _ endurance test
lean in 60 degree incline
hold for 60 seconds
watching for deviation in neutral spine
trunk FLEXOR endurance test
trunk _ endurance test
shoulder pain/weakness & LBP is contraindication
goal is to hold position as long as possible
trunk LATERAL endurance test
trunk _ endurance test
high body mass & strength deficiencies are contraindications
client lies prone on table edge
goal is to hold position as long as possible
trunk EXTENSOR endurance test
flexion/ extension ration should be
less than 1.0
RSB : LSB score should be no greater than
.05 from a balanced score or 1.0
0.95 to 1.05
side bridge: extension ratio
less than .75
muscular _ is best predictor of back health
muscular endurance
muscular fitness enhances _ which can protect against type 2 diabetes
glucose tolerance
Modified body-weight squat test
no more than _ reps performed
10
Modified body-weight squat test - client felt these muscles working the most - they are performing _ squat
lower back
upper portion of posterior hips
lumbar dominant
Modified body-weight squat test - client felt these muscles working the most - they are performing _ squat
front of thighs / knees
quadricep dominant squat
Modified body-weight squat test - client felt these muscles working the most - they are performing _ squat
lower portion of posterior hips
back of thighs
glute dominant squat
_ associated with knee pain, excessive supination of feet
varus strain
varus strain
femoral _
_ of feet
abduction
supination
_ associated with knee pain, excessive pronation of feet
valgus strain
valgus strain
femoral _
_ of feet
adduction
pronation
_ strain more common in general population
valgus strain
lumbar dominance - tight muscles
hip flexors
quad dominance
muscles cannot eccentrically load
places more pressure on _
glute muscles
ACL (knees)
preferred method of squatting
*hip hinge
glute dominant squat
front plank test:
if client felt mainly in lower back…
client lacks core stability
front plank test:
if client felt mainly in abdominal muscles…
client is recruiting appropriate muscles
overhead reach test - inadequate shoulder flexibility if (2)
client cannot touch thumbs to floor
lower back arches up off the floor while reaching overhead
overhead reach test assesses mobility of shoulders in
external rotation
overhead reach test:
client felt mainly in back and back arched up off the floor (2)
client lacks shoulder mobility and core stability
overhead reach test:
client felt mainly in the shoulders, kept back flat, could NOT touch thumbs to floor
client lacks adequate shoulder mobility
overhead reach test:
client felt mainly in the shoulders, kept back flat, COULD touch thumbs to floor
client has good shoulder mobility
HRR =
MHR - RHR
