Chapter 11: Body Composition And Evaluation Flashcards
% obese
Adults
Children
36% adults
18% children
Ratio of fat mass to body mass
Body composition
LBM includes small amount of _ , whereas FFM does not
Essential lipids
Body comp testing estimates the percentage of weight that is _ , compared to _ weight - which is made up of muscle , bone and organ
Fat
Fat free weight
Essential fat
Men
Women
Men 2-5%
Women 10-13%
_ is composed of triglycerides and is stored around vital organs and within muscle tissue
Nonessential fat
2 most important habits to reach healthy and sustain ideal body weight
Healthy diet and daily exercise
Severe overweight and high body fat percentage
Obesity
Percent body fat
Athletes
Men 6-13%
Women 14-20%
Percent body fat
Fitness
Men 14-17%
Women 21-24%
Percent body fat
Acceptable
Men 18-24%
Women 25-31%
Percent body fat
Obesity
Men - 25% or greater
Women - 32% or greater
Non-essential fat stored (3)
Beneath skin
Around vital organs
In muscle tissue
_% greater risk for developing heart disease than client with BMI below 25
86%
Female athlete triad
Osteoporosis
Ammenorhea
Eating disorders
Test body composition _ times per year
2-3
BIA _ BF% in the obese population
Underestimate BF%
BMI calculation
Weight (kg) / height (m) squared
Lbs to kg
Inches to meters
Lbs / 2.2
Inches x .0254
BMI
Normal
18.5 to 24.9
BMI
Overweight
25-29.9
BMI
Obese
Grade I, II, III
Grade I 30-34
Grade II 35-39
Grade III 40 and greater
Circumference measurement sites
Abdomen
Level of the umbilicus
Circumference measurement sites
Hips
Largest circumference at posterior extension of gluteals
Circumference measurement sites
Iliac
Level with uppermost portion of iliac crests
Circumference measurement sites
Waist
Narrowest part of torso
Or
Base of sternum and the umbilicus
Quick, reliable technique to determine body fat distribution
Calculation
Waist to hip ratio
W/H
WHR - men
Excellent
At risk
Excellent less than .85
At risk .95 and greater
WHR - women
Excellent
At risk
Excellent - less than .75
At risk - .86 or greater
_% of total body fat lies under the skin
50%
Skinfold calculations derived from
Hydrostatic weighing techniques
Measure _ side of body when using calipers
Right side
of caliper measurements at each site
Wait _ btwn each measurement
15 seconds
Skinfold sites - men
Chest - crease of the underarm
Thigh - midway btwn hip and knee
Abdomen - lateral to umbilicus 1 inch
Skinfold sites - women
Triceps - btwn shoulder and elbow
Thigh- midway btwn hip and knee
Supraillium- anterior to crest of ilium
Well hydrated and no exercise in the past 6 hours are requirement for this body comp testing
Bioelectrical impedience
Bioelectrical impedience…electrical current greater through _ than _
Lean tissue than through fatty tissue
Hydrostatic weighing - BF% calculated from
Considered _ of body comp assessment
Body density
*gold standard
Benchmark for body comp techniques
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
DEXA
Ability to identify exactly where fat is distributed throughout the body
DEXA
BOD POD
Determines body volume by measuring volume of _
ADP air displacement plethysmography
Air in the chamber while empty and with a person inside
Can measure amounts of subcutaneous fat at site
_ common measurement site
NIR near_infrared interactance
Biceps
Factors that affect validity of NIR (3)
Probe pressure
Skin color
Hydration status
