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Pre Reg > Chapter 9 BNF (Blood and Nutrition) > Flashcards

Chapter 9 BNF (Blood and Nutrition) Flashcards

1
Q

What treatments can be given for sickle cell disease and sickle cell crises?

A

Folate supplements for sickle cell disease and hydroxycarbamide for sickle cell crises

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of iron deficiency anaemia

A

Shortness of breath palpitations pallor

Trechess

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3
Q

What advice would you give someone taking iron supplements

A

take with food
Take with vitamin C such as orange juice
Continue for three months after normal blood tests
Side-effects includes constipation and diarrhoea

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4
Q

What is the indication for folic acid and iron

A

Pregnant women only

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5
Q

What is the MHRA alerts on parenteral iron And what precautions should be taken?

A

Hypersensitivities therefore monitor for 30 minutes after dose

Avoid in pregnancy

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6
Q

What are the two causes of megaloblastic anaemia

A

Vitamin B 12 deficiency

Folate deficiency

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7
Q

How is megaloblastic anaemia caused by battery deficiency treated

A

Oral hydroxycobalamin

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8
Q

How is megaloblastic anaemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency caused by malabsorption treated

A

Intramuscular hydroxycobalamin

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9
Q

How is megaloblastic anaemia caused by folic deficiency treated

A

Folic acid daily for four months

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10
Q

What should be given in megaloblastic anaemic emergencies

A

Both folic acid and vitamin B12 because folic acid alone causes spinal neuropathy

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11
Q

What is used to treat iron overload

A

Desferrioxamine

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12
Q

What is used to treat neutropenia

A

Filgrastin

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of hypernatraemia

A

Convulsions, hypovolaemia, thirst, dehydration, tachycardia, postural hypotension

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14
Q

What medication is cause hypernatraemia?

A

Contraceptives
Steroids
Sodium bicarbonate
Lithium

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of hyponatraemia

A 
Convulsions
Confusion 
N andV 
Headaches 
Cramps
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16
Q

What medications cause hyponatraemia

A

Antidepressants
Diuretics
Carbamazepine
Desmopressin

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17
Q

How is hyponatraemia treated

A

Mild: sodium chloride/ sodium bicarbonate

Severe: iv saline (isotonic via peripheral, concentrated via central)
Correct slowly

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18
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

High chloride in blood

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19
Q

What is the treatment for metabolic acidosis?

A

Sodium bicarbonate

If low potassium: potassium bicarbonate

20
Q

What is the treatment for hypercalcaemia?

A

Bisphosphonates
Corticosteroids
Calcitonin

21
Q

What is the treatment for hypercalcaemia caused by hyperparathyroidism?

A

Cinacalcet

Paracalcitol (renal failure)

22
Q

How is hypercalcuria treated?

A

Bendroflumethazine

23
Q

How is mild/moderate and severe hypocalcaemia treated?

A

Vit d and supplements

Severe: slow iv calcium flu onset

24
Q

How is Hypomagnesaemia treated ?

A

Magnesium sulphate

25
Q

How is Hyperphosphataemia treated?

A

Calcium containing preparations

26
Q

How is hypophosphataemia treated?

A

Phosphate I’ve

27
Q

What are the symptoms of hyperkalaemia?

A

Ventricular fibrillation

Cardiac arrest

28
Q

What drugs cause hyperkalaemia?

A 
Heparin
Ace 
Digoxin 
Beta blockers 
Potassium sparing diuretics 
NSAIDs
29
Q

What is the treatment for mild/moderate hyperkalaemia?

A

Calcium resonium

30
Q

What is the treatment for acute hyperkalaemia?

A

IV insulin, Glucose, Salbutamol can be added to CALCIUM GLUCONATE

Add sodium bicarbonate but not via the same line (thrombosis)

31
Q

What are symptoms of hypokalaemia?

A

Muscle Hypotonia, arrhythmia

32
Q

What drugs cause hypokalaemia?

A 
Diuretics
Insulin
B2 agonists 
Theophylline 
Steroid
33
Q

What is the treatment for mild hypokalaemia?

A

Oral slow potassium chloride

34
Q

What is the treatment for severe hypokalaemia?

A

IV KCl do not add glucose in initial dose

KCl is fatal in overdose

35
Q

What is acute porphyrias?

A

Defect in haem biosynthesis

Lead to haemolytic anaemia with certain drugs

36
Q

How is acute porphyrias treated?

A

Haem arginate

37
Q

How is glucose given in TPN?

A

Central vein to avoid thrombosis

38
Q

What can be added to avoid hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic nonketonic acidosis?

A

Fructose and sorbitol

39
Q

Which vitamin affects vision skin and immune system and is found liver fish liver oil and raw eggs?

A

A - retinol

40
Q

Which vitamin affects gums, iron absorption and is found in oranges and peppers blackcurrant?

A

C ascorbic acid

41
Q

Which vitamin affects bones and teeth and is found in the sun. Which version of this vitamin should be given in renal impairment?

A

D2 ergocalciferol D3 cholecalciferol

Renal impairment: alfacalcidol, calcitriol

42
Q

Which vitamin inhibits platelet aggregation and is an antioxidant and is found in plant oils?

A

E tocopherol

43
Q

Which vitamin is given to all newborns and is found in green leafy vegetables?

A

K Phytomenadione

Menadiol: water soluble

44
Q

What doses of folic acid are available?

A

400mcg

5mg for high risk groups

45
Q

Which groups should receive 5mg Folic acid?

A

Diabetes, antiepileptic, history, sickle cell (give throughout pregnancy)

Pre Reg (37 decks)

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