Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pre Reg > BNF Preliminary Chapters > Flashcards

BNF Preliminary Chapters Flashcards

1
Q

How does Hepatic impairment affect the human body?

A 
Impaired metabolism (reduced metabolism) 
Hypoproteinaemia (low albumin) 
High INR, prothrombin 
Malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins 
Reduced bile excretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What drugs are affected by hypoproteinaemia ?

A

NSAIDS
Warfarin
Phenytoin
Prednisolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which drugs can cause hepatic encephalopathy in severe liver disease?

A

Constipation: codeine, TCAs
Sedatives : antihistamines, Benzos, opioid
Hypokaelimic: diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which drugs are capable of causing oedema and ascites?

A

CCB
NSAIDs
Steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity?

A 
Weight loss
Abdominal pain
N and V
Dark urine 
Jaundice 
Itching 
Pale stools
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which drugs are enzyme inhibitors ?

A

Sodium Valproate
Isoniazid
Cimetidine
Ketoconazole

Fluconazole
Alcohol
Chloramphenicol 
Erythromycin 
Sulphonamide

Ciprofloxacin
Omeprazole
Metronidazole
Grapefruit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which drugs are enzyme inducers?

A

Carbamazepine
St. John’s worst

Barbituates
Rifampicin
Alcohol
Phenytoin

Griseofulvin
Phenobarbitals
Sulfonylurea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which drugs interact with grapefruit juice?

A

CNS: Quetiapine, setraline

CVS: Amiodarone , CCB

Immunosuppressants: tacrolimus, ciclosporin

Other: PDE5 inhibitors , colchicine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What liver results would you expect in hepatic impairment m?

A 
High ALT
High AST 
High ALP
High GGT
High bilirubin (jaundice) 
Low albumin 
High Prothrombin INR (low clotting factors)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the effects of renal impairment?

A

Reduced excretion (barrow therapeutics)

Reduced renal clearance

More sensitive to nephrotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of acute kidney injury?

A 
Dehydration 
Reduced urine 
High BP
Oedema 
Confusion 
Fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the sick day rules and what is the reasoning behind them?

A

Dehydration is a major risk factor for AKI?

When N and V stop these:

Diuretics
ACE / ARB
Metformin
NSAIDs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When can DAMN drugs be restarted after sick day rulesv

A

24/48 hrs after normal eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which drug change urine colour to:

RED
BLUE
ORANGE 
YELLOW 
BROWN 
PINK/ORANGE
A

RED: co-danthramer, levodopa, doxorubicin, idebenone

BLUE: Triamterene

ORANGE: Rifampicin , sulfalazine l

YELLO: nitrofurantoin, senna

BROWN : prostaglandin analogues

Pink: phenidions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What strength morphine solution is CD5?

A

Below 13mg/5ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When does breakthrough pain become an issue and pain management have to be reviewed?

A

If taking medicine for breakthrough pain twice daily or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Between morphine and diamorphine, which is prefered parenterally due to increased solubility?

A

Diamorphine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s the dose conversion from oral morphine to parenteral morphine and diamorphine?

A

Morphine : 1/2

Diamorphine: 1/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What’s the dose reduction when switching morphine to transdermal DUE TO HYPERALGESIA

A

25-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is opioid induced constipation treated?

A

Senna + lactulose

Codanthramer

Methylnaltrexone

21
Q

How is anorexia treated in palliative care?

A

Prednisolone

Dexamethasone

22
Q

How are respiratory secretions treated in palliative care?

A

Hyoscine, glycopyrronium

23
Q

How is bowel colic treated in palliative care?

A

Loperamide

24
Q

How is capillary bleeding treated ?

A

Tranexamic acid

25
How are convulsions treated in palliative care?
Phenytoin Carbamazepine Sc midazolam
26
How is Dysphagia due to tumour treated in palliative care?
Dexamethasone
27
How is dyspnea treated in palliative care ?
Oral morphine Diazepam Bronchospasms (corticosteroid)
28
How are fungating tumours treated in palliative care?
Metronidazole
29
How is gastric distension treated in palliative care?
Anti flatulents + antiacid + pro kinetic
30
How are hiccups due to gastric distension treated?
Anti acid and anyiflatulent
31
How is insomnia treated in palliative care?
Benzodiazepines
32
How are muscle spasms treated in palliative care?
Baclofen Diazepam
33
How is nausea and vomiting treated in palliative care?
Haloperidol Levopromazine Cyclizine Metoclopramide
34
How is pruiritis treated in palliative care?
Emollients Obstructive Cholestid jaundice (colestyramine)
35
How is raised intracranial pressure treated in palliative care?
Dexamethasone
36
How is restlessness and confusion treated in palliative care
Levopromazine | Haloperidol
37
Name 5 drugs that can cause mouth ulcers?
``` Nicorandil NSAIDs Pancreatin Cytotoxics Ace inhibitors ```
38
Which drug can cause oral candidiasis ?
Corticosteroids (inhaled)
39
Which drugs can cause teeth staining?
Chlorhexadine mouth wash Tetracyclines
40
Which drugs can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw?
Bisphosphonates
41
Which drugs cause xerostomia?
Antimuscarinics Opioids Antidepressants Antihistames
42
Which drugs cause taste disturbance?
``` Ace inhibitors Amiodarone Carbimazole Zopiclone Metformin ```
43
Which drugs cause Mylosuppression?
DMDARDs: methotrexate, gold Antiepileptic: carbamazepine Antibiotics: chloramphenicol, linezolid, cotrimoxazole Immunosuppressants: azathioprine Anticipates: phenytoin , trimethoprim Others : ASAs Carbimazole clozapine,
44
What are the symptoms of Leucopenia, agranulocytosis and neutropenia ?
Malaise, sore throat, fever , cough, ulcers
45
What are the symptoms of anaemia?
Fatigue, dizziness, fainting
46
What are the symptoms of thrombocytopenia?
Bruising, bleeding
47
Which drugs cause photosensitiveness?
``` Voriconazole Doxycycline Demeclocycline Chloroquine Amiodarone ```
48
Which drugs cause contact sensitisation?
Methotrexate | Chlorpromazine
49
What are the rules on Biosimilars?
Clinically equivalent to originals Licensed for same indications as original Must be prescribed by brand Black triangle

Pre Reg (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions