Chapter 2 BNF (Blood Pressure Conditions) Flashcards

1
Q

First, Second and Third line in hypertension in Caucasian under 55?

A

First: ACE/ ARB or BB

Second: CCB, Thiazide

Third: ACE, CCB, Thiazide

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2
Q

First line in Hypertension in over 55 and Afrocaribbean?

A

First line: CCB or Thiazide

Second: ACE/ARB (ARB in afrocaribbean)

Third: ACE Thiazide + CCB

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3
Q

Thresholds for stages of hypertension?

A

1: 140/90
2: 160/100
3: 180/110 (hypertensive crisis)

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4
Q

Which patients should be treated in stage 1 hypertension?

A

Target organ damage (LV hypertrophy, CKD, retinopathy)

CVD or 10 year CVD risk of 20%

Renal disease
Diabetes

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5
Q

How is hypertensive crises treated in:

Acute organ damage
No organ damage

A

Organ damage: IV

Oral: over 24/48 hours

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6
Q

Over 80 target BP?

A

150/90

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7
Q

Under 80 target BP?

A

140/90

130/80 in atherosclerotic CVD or diabetes with kidney, eye, or cerebrovascular disease

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8
Q

Diabetes target BP?

A

140/80

130/80 with complications

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9
Q

Pregnant target BP?

A

150/100 in chronic hypertension

140/90 in organ damage or after birth

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10
Q

When should methyldopa be stopped after pregnancy?

A

2 days

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11
Q

Which ACE is taken twice daily?

A

Captoril

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12
Q

Which ACE should be taken 30-60 mins before food?

A

Perindopril

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13
Q

How do ace inhibitors affect the liver?

A

Cholestatic jaundice
Hepatic failure

Stop if liver transaminases 3x baseline or if jaundice occurs

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14
Q

Side effects of ACE?

A
Cough 
Oral ulcer 
Taste disturbance 
Hypoglycaemia 
Angioedema
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15
Q

Clonic one side effects?

A

Flushing

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16
Q

Methyldopa side effects?

A

Drowsiness

17
Q

Hydralazine side effects?

A

Fluid retention

Tachycardia

18
Q

Minoxidil side effects?

A

Tachycardia
Fluid retention
Increased Cardiac output

19
Q

Which beta blocker is used in Peru-operative period due to its short half life?

A

Esmolol

20
Q

Which beta blocker causes hepatotoxicity?

A

Lane talon

21
Q

Which beta blockers cause less bradycardia and less coldness of extremities?

A

ISA CAPO?

Celiprolol
Acebutolol
Pindolol
Oxprenolol

22
Q

Water soluble beta blockers?

A

Celiprolol
Atenolol
Sotalol
Nadolol

Water SNAC

23
Q

Cardioselective beta blockers?

A
Bisoprolol 
Atenolol
Acebutolol 
Metoprolol 
Nebivolol 

BAAMN

24
Q

Once daily beta blockers?

A

Bisoprolol
Atenolol
Nadolol
Celiprolol

BANC

25
Q

Beta blockers contraindications?

A

Asthma
Unstable heart failure
Heart block

26
Q

Which Dihydropyridine CCB are longer acting ?

A

Amlodipine

Felodipine

27
Q

Dihydropyridine CCB Side effects?

A

Ankle swelling
Flushing
Headaches

28
Q

Which CCBs should be avoided in heart failure?

A

Verapamil

Diltiazem