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Pre Reg > Chapter 5 BNF (Antibiotics) > Flashcards

Chapter 5 BNF (Antibiotics) Flashcards

1
Q

What antibiotics cause nephrotoxicity?

A

aminoglycosides

Glycopeptides

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2
Q

What antibiotics should be avoided in renal impairment?

A

Tetracyclines

Nitrofurantoin

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3
Q

What drugs cause hepatotoxicity?

A

Rifampicin

Tetracyclines

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4
Q

What drugs should be reduced dose in hepatic impairment?

A

Metronidazole

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5
Q 
Match these bacteria to their most effective antibiotics? 
Staphylococcus:
MRSA:
Streptococcus:
Anaerobic:
Pseudomonas:
A 
Staphylococcus: Flucloxacillin 
MRSA: vancomycin 
Streptococcus: Benzypenicillin 
Anaerobic: Metronidazole 
Pseudomonas: gentamicin
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6
Q

Which antibiotics affect protein synthesis?

A 
Clindamycin 
Linezolid 
Chloramphenicol 
Aminoglycosides 
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
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7
Q

Which antibiotics affect DNA synthesis?

A

Nitrofurantoin
Metronidazole
Trimethoprim
Quinolones

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8
Q

Which antibiotics affect cell wall?

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Glycopeptides

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9
Q

What are the notable side effects of clindamycin?

A

C. difficile

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10
Q

What are the notable side effects of linezolid?

A

Blood disorders

Optic neuropathy if use over 28 days

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11
Q

What are the notable interactions with linezolid?

A

MAOI: Hypertensive crisis

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12
Q

What are the side effects of Trimethoprim?

A

Anti-folate: Blood disorders
Hyperkalemia
Teratogenic in first trimester

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13
Q

What’s the standard dose of Trimethoprim?

A

200mg BD

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14
Q

What are the side effects of Co trimoxazole?

A

SJS

Photosensitive

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15
Q

What are the side effects of chloramphenicol?

A

Blood disorders

Grey baby syndrome

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16
Q

What are the side effects of Metronidazole?

A

GI disturbance
Taste
Oral mucositis

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17
Q

What are the side effects of nitrofurantoin?

A

Nausea, neuropathy in renal impairment

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18
Q

What’s the age limit in nitrofurantoin?

A

3 years

19
Q

What are the side effects of Aminoglycosides?

A

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Neuropathy
Hypokaelemia, calcaemia and magnesium

20
Q

What’s the MHRA concerning Aminoglycosides about?

A

Histamine reaction

21
Q

When should ‘Once daily regimen’ with gentamicin be avoided?

A

Renal impairment <20
Burns covering 20% of body
Gram positive endocarditis

22
Q

When should ‘multiple dose regimen’ with gentamicin be monitored?

A

After 3/4 doses and after dose changes

More in renal impairment

23
Q

What’s the range for the post dose ‘peak level’ and pre dose ‘trough level’ with gentamicin therapy?

A

5-10mg/ml (3-5mg/ml in endocarditis)

<2mg/ml (1mg/ml in endocarditis)

24
Q

What’s the course of action if gentamicin peak level after 1hr is too high?

A

Reduce dose

25
Q

What’s the course of action if gentamicin trough level is too high?

A

Increase interval

26
Q

How should gentamicin therapy be adjusted in renal impairment?

A

Increase interval

Severe (reduce dose)

27
Q

What are the key side effects with vancomycin?

A

Red man syndrome
Blood disorders
Skin disorders
Thrombophlebitis

28
Q

Which Tetracyclines can be used in renal impairment?

A

Doxycycline

Minocycline

29
Q

Which tetracyclines cause phototoxicity?

A

Doxycycline

Demecleocyline

30
Q

Which tetracyclines must milk be avoid with?

A

Demecleocycline
Oxytetracycline
Tetracycline

31
Q

Which tetracyclines cause oesophageal irritation?

A

Doxycycline
Minocylcine
Tetracycline

32
Q

What side effects are notable with quinolones?

A 
Seizures 
Tendon damage 
QT prolongation 
Athropathy 
Psychiatric reactions
33
Q

What side effects are most associated with Moxifloxacillin?

A

Qt prolongation

Hepatotoxicity

34
Q

Which CNS infection can penicillin be used on ?

A

Meningitis

35
Q

Which penicillins are broad spectrum?

A

Amoxicillin

Ampicillin

36
Q

Which narrow spectrum penicillin is not gastric stable?

A

Benzypenicillin (G)

37
Q

Which penicillin can cause cholestatic jaundice and when does it cause it ?

A

Flucloxacillin (2 months after course)

Co amoxiclav also

38
Q

What conditions are antipseudomonal penicillin used in?

A

Septicaemia
Hospital acquired pneumonia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

39
Q

Name some first generation cephalosporins?

A

Cefalexin
Cefudroxil
Cefradine

40
Q

Which cephalosporins are 2nd generation?

A

Cefuroxime

Ceflaclor

41
Q

Which cephalosporins are 3rd generations ?

A

Cefixime (oral)
Cefrioxone
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidine

42
Q

Which cephalosporins should be given in penicillin allergy?

A

3rd gen and Cefuroxime

43
Q

Which antibiotics are safe in pregnancy?

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Clindamycin
Erythromycin

Pre Reg (37 decks)

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