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Pre Reg > Chapter 5 BNF (Antibiotics) > Flashcards

Chapter 5 BNF (Antibiotics) Flashcards

1
Q

What antibiotics cause nephrotoxicity?

A

aminoglycosides

Glycopeptides

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2
Q

What antibiotics should be avoided in renal impairment?

A

Tetracyclines

Nitrofurantoin

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3
Q

What drugs cause hepatotoxicity?

A

Rifampicin

Tetracyclines

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4
Q

What drugs should be reduced dose in hepatic impairment?

A

Metronidazole

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5
Q 
Match these bacteria to their most effective antibiotics? 
Staphylococcus:
MRSA:
Streptococcus:
Anaerobic:
Pseudomonas:
A 
Staphylococcus: Flucloxacillin 
MRSA: vancomycin 
Streptococcus: Benzypenicillin 
Anaerobic: Metronidazole 
Pseudomonas: gentamicin
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6
Q

Which antibiotics affect protein synthesis?

A 
Clindamycin 
Linezolid 
Chloramphenicol 
Aminoglycosides 
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
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7
Q

Which antibiotics affect DNA synthesis?

A

Nitrofurantoin
Metronidazole
Trimethoprim
Quinolones

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8
Q

Which antibiotics affect cell wall?

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Glycopeptides

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9
Q

What are the notable side effects of clindamycin?

A

C. difficile

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10
Q

What are the notable side effects of linezolid?

A

Blood disorders

Optic neuropathy if use over 28 days

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11
Q

What are the notable interactions with linezolid?

A

MAOI: Hypertensive crisis

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12
Q

What are the side effects of Trimethoprim?

A

Anti-folate: Blood disorders
Hyperkalemia
Teratogenic in first trimester

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13
Q

What’s the standard dose of Trimethoprim?

A

200mg BD

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14
Q

What are the side effects of Co trimoxazole?

A

SJS

Photosensitive

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15
Q

What are the side effects of chloramphenicol?

A

Blood disorders

Grey baby syndrome

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16
Q

What are the side effects of Metronidazole?

A

GI disturbance
Taste
Oral mucositis

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17
Q

What are the side effects of nitrofurantoin?

A

Nausea, neuropathy in renal impairment

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18
Q

What’s the age limit in nitrofurantoin?

19
Q

What are the side effects of Aminoglycosides?

A

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Neuropathy
Hypokaelemia, calcaemia and magnesium

20
Q

What’s the MHRA concerning Aminoglycosides about?

A

Histamine reaction

21
Q

When should ‘Once daily regimen’ with gentamicin be avoided?

A

Renal impairment <20
Burns covering 20% of body
Gram positive endocarditis

22
Q

When should ‘multiple dose regimen’ with gentamicin be monitored?

A

After 3/4 doses and after dose changes

More in renal impairment

23
Q

What’s the range for the post dose ‘peak level’ and pre dose ‘trough level’ with gentamicin therapy?

A

5-10mg/ml (3-5mg/ml in endocarditis)

<2mg/ml (1mg/ml in endocarditis)

24
Q

What’s the course of action if gentamicin peak level after 1hr is too high?

A

Reduce dose

25
What’s the course of action if gentamicin trough level is too high?
Increase interval
26
How should gentamicin therapy be adjusted in renal impairment?
Increase interval Severe (reduce dose)
27
What are the key side effects with vancomycin?
Red man syndrome Blood disorders Skin disorders Thrombophlebitis
28
Which Tetracyclines can be used in renal impairment?
Doxycycline | Minocycline
29
Which tetracyclines cause phototoxicity?
Doxycycline | Demecleocyline
30
Which tetracyclines must milk be avoid with?
Demecleocycline Oxytetracycline Tetracycline
31
Which tetracyclines cause oesophageal irritation?
Doxycycline Minocylcine Tetracycline
32
What side effects are notable with quinolones?
``` Seizures Tendon damage QT prolongation Athropathy Psychiatric reactions ```
33
What side effects are most associated with Moxifloxacillin?
Qt prolongation | Hepatotoxicity
34
Which CNS infection can penicillin be used on ?
Meningitis
35
Which penicillins are broad spectrum?
Amoxicillin | Ampicillin
36
Which narrow spectrum penicillin is not gastric stable?
Benzypenicillin (G)
37
Which penicillin can cause cholestatic jaundice and when does it cause it ?
Flucloxacillin (2 months after course) Co amoxiclav also
38
What conditions are antipseudomonal penicillin used in?
Septicaemia Hospital acquired pneumonia Pseudomonas aeruginosa
39
Name some first generation cephalosporins?
Cefalexin Cefudroxil Cefradine
40
Which cephalosporins are 2nd generation?
Cefuroxime | Ceflaclor
41
Which cephalosporins are 3rd generations ?
Cefixime (oral) Cefrioxone Cefotaxime Ceftazidine
42
Which cephalosporins should be given in penicillin allergy?
3rd gen and Cefuroxime
43
Which antibiotics are safe in pregnancy?
Penicillins Cephalosporins Clindamycin Erythromycin

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