Chapter 2 BNF (Oedema and Vascular Disease) Flashcards

1
Q

Which loop diuretic causes gout?

A

Furosemide

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2
Q

Which diuretic is used for ascites liver failure?

A

Spironolactone

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3
Q

Which diuretic is used in cerebral oedema?

A

Mannitol

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4
Q

which diuretic causes the least aggrevation in diabetes?

A

Indapamide

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5
Q

How do diuretics work?

A

Inhibit sodium reabsorption at different parts of the renal tubular system.

LOOP: inhibits sodium/potassium/chloride ATPase in the loop of Henley

THIAZIDES: inhibit sodium/chloride channel in distal conv tubule

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6
Q

How do loops and thiazides affect electrolytes?

A

LOOP: hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia, hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia
low chloride

THIAZIDE: same but hypercalcaemia

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7
Q

Loop diuretic side effects?

A

ototoxicity

acute urinary retention (cautioned in BPH)

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8
Q

Thiazide side effects?

A

GI disturbance, impotence, high LDL, triglycerides

Diabetes, gout

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9
Q

Which thiazide can be used when eGFR is below 30?

A

Metalazone

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10
Q

What are the two Bendroflumethiazide doses?

A

HF - 5mg

Hypertension - 2.5mg

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11
Q

Duration of action and onset of Loop and Thiazide diuretics?

A

loop onset 1 hr
duration 6 hours

thiazide onset 1-2 hours
thiazide duration 12-24hours

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12
Q

Which diuretic is least likely to cause acute urinary retention?

A

Chlortalidone

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13
Q

How do potassium sparing diuretics work

A

inhibit sodium in the distal conv tubule

Triamtene
Amiloride

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14
Q

Side effects of Aldesterone antagonists?

A

Gynaecomastia
Hypertrichosis
libido changes
hyperuricaemia

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15
Q

How is gravitational oedema treated?

A

Short term diuretics

try alternatives first eg stockings raising legs and movement

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16
Q

Pharmacological treatment for Raynauds syndrome?

A

Nifedipine

17
Q

Advice for Raynauds?

A

stop smoking

avoid exposure to cold