Chapter 4 BNF (Anxiety & Depression) Flashcards
What are the advantages to Buspirone?
Low potential for abuse and dependence
How do benzodiazepines work?
Facilitate binding of GABA to GABA receptor
What are the paradoxical side effects of benzodiazepines?
Increase in hostility
What’s the main feature of benzodiazepines overdose ?
Respiratory depression
How long does dependence take in:
Short acting?
Long acting?
Short acting: one day
Long acting: 3 weeks
Name as many TCAs a possible?
Amitriptyline Clomipramine Imipramine Dosulepin Nortriptyline Lofepramine Doxepin
Name as many SSRIs as possible?
Citalopram Escitalopram Fluoxetine Paroxetine Setraline
Name some Irreversible MAOIs?
Phenelzine
Isocarboxazide
Trancypromine
Name some reversible MAOI?
Meclobemide
Which TCA is least sedative?
Lofepramine
Which TCAs are most dangerous in overdose?
Amitriptyline
Dosulepin
Which TCA is least dangerous in overdose?
Lofepramine
Which TCA has the most antimuscarinic side effects ?
Imipramine
How long should other antidepressants be separated with MAOIs?
2 weeks
3 weeks (imipramine, clomipramine)
5 weeks (MAOI starts 5 weeks after fluoxetine)
Name some SNRIs?
Duloixetine
Venlafaxine
How long do antidepressants take to work? When should they be deemed ineffective?
Can take 2 weeks to work
Only deem ineffective after 4 weeks (6 weeks in elderly)
How long should SSRIs be continued after remission? In normal cases, in GAD, and in recurrent ?
Normal: 6 months
GAD: 12 months
Recurrent: 2 years
How do antidepressants affect electrolytes?
Hyponatremia ( especially SSRIs )
How long should you wait before switching From:
TCAs
SSRIS
MAOI
TCAs: 1-2 weeks (clomipramine 3 weeks
SSRIs : 1 week (setraline 2 weeks, fluoxetine 5 weeks)
MAOIs: 2 weeks (meclobemide not necessary)
After how long is the risk of withdrawal increased with antidepressants?
8 weeks
Which antidepressants have a higher risk of withdrawal?
Paroxetine
Which SSRIs cause QT prolongation
Citalopram escitalopram
