Chapter 9 A&P Flashcards
What is another name for joint?
Articulation
What is a joint (articulation)?
Place of contact between bones, bone and cartilage, or bones and teeth
What is Arthrology?
Hint: Arthr
Scientific study of joints
What are the two ways joints are classified?
Structurally and Functionally
What are the 3 types of structural joints?
Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
What are 3 types of functional joints?
Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
-has no joint cavity
- held by dense connective tissue
Fibrous Joint
- has no joint cavity
- bones joined by cartilage
Cartilaginous Joint
- fluid filled joint cavity
- found where bones are attached by ligaments
Synovial Joint
The more stable a joint is, is it more or less mobile?
Less
What is Gomphoses?
Dentoalveolar “peg in a socket”
What is a tooth held in place by?
Periodontal membranes
What are sutures?
immobile fibrous joints
Where are sutures usually found?
Between certain bones of the skull
What joins by long strands of dense regular CT?
Syndesmoses
What is symphysis?
When two bones come together through fibrocartilage.
Which joint are freely mobile articulations?
Synovial Joints
What is the consistence of synovial fluid?
Viscous, oily substance
3 main functions of synovial fluid:
- Lubricates
- Nourishes and removes waste
- Shock absorber
What are Tendons?
Structure composed of dense regular CT
What attaches muscle to bone?
Tendons
What does Bursa do?
Alleviate friction resulting from body movements
What movement is gliding?
Two opposing surfaces sliding back and forth or side to side
What are the 5 types of Angular Motion?
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
Decrease in angle:
Flexion
Increase in angle:
Extension
Away from midline:
Abduction
Toward the midline:
Adduction
Circular motion:
Circumduction
What are 4 rotational movements?
- Lateral
- Medial
- Pronation
- Supination
Turns anterior surface of femur or humerus laterally:
Lateral rotation
Turns anterior surface of femur or humerus medially:
Medial rotation
Medial rotation of forearm so palm of the hand faces down (posterior):
Pronation
Lateral rotation of forearm so palm of the hand faces up (anterior):
Hint: holding a bowl of soup
Supination
Is depression inferior or superior?
Inferior
What is superior movement of a body part called?
Mandible when closing mouth
Elevation
Which joint does dorsiflexion and plantar flexion associate with?
Ankle
Inversion: sole turns…
medially
Eversion: sole turns…
laterally
What is the top and bottom picture portraying?
Protraction (top)
Retraction (bottom)
Opposition is what movement?
Movement of thumb toward palmar tips of fingers at carpometacarpal joint
Where is the Temporomandibular Joint? (TMJ)
Between the temple and mandible
Where is the Acromioclavicular Joint?
Between Acromion process, scapula, and clavicle
Where is the Glenohumeral Joint? (Humerus)
Between the glenoid space and the humerus
What is another term for ankle joint?
Talocrural Joint
What is an articular disc?
Thick pad of fibrocartilage
How is a clavicle bound to a coronoid process?
Coracoclavicular ligament
Where does most of the Glenohumeral joint strength come from?
Rotator Cuff Muscles
What are the two articulations that make up the elbow joint?
Humeroulnar and Humeroradial
What is the ligament of the elbow joint?
Anular Ligament
What is the articulation between head of the femur and acetabulum of the os coxae?
Hip joint
What is the purpose of the medial meniscus and lateral meniscus?
Act as cushioning between articular surfaces
Where is the medial and lateral meniscus positioned?
On the condyles of tibia
Which ligaments cross each other in an X?
Cruciate ligaments
What limits anterior and posterior movement of femur on tibia?
Cruciate ligaments
What are the 2 purposes of the anterior cruciate ligament? (ACL)
- Prevents hyperextension
- Prevents tibia moving too far anteriorly on the femur
