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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 17 A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 17 A&P Flashcards

1
Q

Where are special senses receptors located?

A

Within the head

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2
Q

What are the 5 special senses?

A

Olfaction
Gustation
Vision
Audition
Equilibrium

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3
Q

What is olfaction?

A

Smell

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4
Q

What is gustation?

A

Taste

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5
Q

What is vision?

A

Sight

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6
Q

What is audition?

A

Hearing

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7
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

Balance

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8
Q

What are tiny chemicals in the air that get dissolved in mucous in the nasal passageway?

A

Odorants

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9
Q

What is a decrease in sensitivity to odors referred to as?

A

Adaptation

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10
Q

What are the 4 structures in the olfaction system?

A

Olfactory epithelium
Olfactory bulb
Olfactory tract
CNI

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11
Q

FYI: Olfactory

A
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12
Q

What are the 3 types of cells found in the olfactory epithelium?

A
  1. Olfactory receptor cells
  2. Supporting cells
  3. Basal cells
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13
Q

In Olfaction: Receptors in the nasal mucosa send impulses along branches of…

A

The olfactory (I) nerve

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14
Q

What are the 4 next steps of receptors in olfaction once impulses are along the branches of olfactory (I) nerve?

A
  • Through the cribriform plate
  • Synapse with the olfactory bulb
  • Impulses travel along the olfactory tract
  • Interpretation in the primary olfactory area in the cerebral cortex (temporal lobe)
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15
Q

What are the 5 primary tastes?

A
  1. Sour
  2. Sweet
  3. Bitter
  4. Salt
  5. Umami (meaty, savory)
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16
Q

What does taste come from?

A

Chemical sense from molecules

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17
Q

What contains the receptors for the sensation of taste?

A

Taste buds

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18
Q

How many (approx.) taste buds are found on the tongue of a young adult?

A

10,000

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19
Q

What are the epithelial cells found in the taste buds?

A
  1. Supporting cells
  2. Gustatory receptor cells
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20
Q

What is the scientific name for taste buds?

A

Papillae

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21
Q

FYI: Taste buds (papillae)

A
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22
Q

What kind of light does vision use?

A

Visible light

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23
Q

What are the accessory structures of the eyes? (5)

A
  1. Eyelids
  2. Eyelashes
  3. Eyebrows
  4. Lacrimal apparatus
  5. Extrinsic eye muscles
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24
Q

What controls eyelid movement?

A

Palpebral muscles, Levator palpebrae superioris

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25
Q

What is responsible for moving the eyeball itself in all directions?

A

Extrinsic eye muscles

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26
Q

What is the conjuctiva?

A

A thin, protective mucous membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the sclera

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27
Q

What is a fold of connective tissue that gives form to the eyelids?

A

Tarsal plate

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28
Q

The tarsal plate contains a row of (______) that keeps the eyelids from sticking to each other.

A

sebaceous glands

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29
Q

FYI: Eye structures

A
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30
Q

What produces, collects, and drains lacrimal fluid from the eye?

A

Lacrimal apparatus

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31
Q

What are the steps of the flow of tears?

A
  1. Lacrimal gland secretes tears into
  2. Excretory lacrimal ducts, which distribute tears over surface of the eyeball
  3. Superior or inferior lacrimal canaliculi drain tears into
  4. Lacrimal sac, which drains tears into
  5. Nasolacrimal duct, which drains tears into
  6. Nasal cavity
32
Q

What are the 6 extrensic muscles of the eye?

A
  1. Superior rectus
  2. Inferior rectus
  3. Lateral rectus
  4. Medial rectus
  5. Superior oblique
  6. Inferior oblique
33
Q

What are the 3 layers of the eyeball? (outside to inside)

A

Fibrous Tunic
- cornea
- sclera

Vascular Tunic
- choroid
- ciliary body
- iris

Neural layer
- retina

34
Q

FYI

A
35
Q

What is the white of the eye?

A

Sclera

36
Q

What does the sclera do?

A

Provides the eye shape

37
Q

What is a convex transparent structure in the fibrous tunic?

A

Cornea

38
Q

What layer is the vascular tunic in the eye?

A

Middle layer

39
Q

What are cells filled with pigment from melanocytes?

A

Choroid

40
Q

What adjusts your lens?

A

Suspensory ligaments

41
Q

What is the iris and its role?

A

Colored portion of the eye. Its role is controlling the size of the pupil.

42
Q

What is the internal layer of the eye wall?

A

Retina

43
Q

What do photoreceptors consist of?

A

Rods and Cones

44
Q

Cones are for =

A

Color. Blue, green and red.

45
Q

Rods are =

A

Black, White

46
Q

What is termed as the “blind spot”?

A

Optic disc

47
Q

What is the rounded, yellowish region lateral to the optic disc?

A

Macula lutea

48
Q

Where are the fovea centralis contained?

A

Macula lutea

49
Q

What condition is this picture portraying?

A

Macular Degeneration. The macula is deteriorating.

50
Q

How does colorblindness happen?

A

It happens when you are lacking a particular cone, most commonly red/green colorblindness.

51
Q

What are the 2 cavities of the eye?

A

Anterior and Posterior

52
Q

Where is the anterior chamber?

A

between the iris and cornea

53
Q

Where is the posterior chamber?

A

behind the iris and in front of the lens

54
Q

What does light pass through? Out to in. (7)

A
  1. Cornea
  2. Anterior chamber
  3. Pupil
  4. Posterior chamber
  5. Lens
  6. Vitreous humor
  7. Retina
55
Q

What does the lens do?

A

Focuses incoming light onto the retina with suspensory ligaments and ciliary muscles

56
Q

What nerve plays into the ear?

A

CN VIII Vestibulocochlear

57
Q

What is the ear divided into?

A

External ear
Middle ear
Inner ear

58
Q

What is the funnel-shaped visible part of the ear?

A

Auricle or Pinna

59
Q

What is the bony tube extending slightly superiorly from lateral head?

A

External acoustic meatus/ External auditory canal

60
Q

What is the partition between the external and middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

61
Q

What houses the oval window and round window?

A

Middle ear

62
Q

What is the passage extending from middle ear into nasopharynx?

A

Auditory tube

63
Q

FYI: Middle Ear

A
64
Q

What are auditory ossicles?

A

Three smallest bones of the body. They amplify and transmit sound waves into inner ear.

65
Q

What are the three auditory ossicles?

A

Malleus- hammer shaped
Incus- resembling an anvil
Stapes- resembles and stirrup

66
Q

What is the snail like structure in the inner ear?

A

Cochlea

67
Q

FYI:

A
68
Q

FYI:

A
69
Q

FYI: The steps of hearing

A
70
Q

What are the two forms in which equilibrium exists?

A

Static and dynamic

71
Q

What is static equilibrium?

A

Maintenance of the body’s position relative to the force of gravity

72
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium?

A

The maintenance of the body’s position in response to sudden movements

73
Q

What is the vestibular apparatus?

A

The organs that maintain equilibrium
- Saccule (otoliths)
- Utricle (otoliths)
- Semicircular canals

74
Q

What is responsible for dynamic equilibrium?

A

the 3 semicircular canals

75
Q

FYI

A

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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