Chapter 15 A&P Flashcards
Which nervous system occurs subconsciously? (Autonomic or Somatic)
Autonomic- cardiac, smooth, most exocrine glands, endocrine glands, adipose tissue
Which nervous system occurs with skeletal muscle?
Somatic
What does the neuron release in the somatic nervous system?
Acetylcholine or ACh
FYI
How do you know you’re in the Autonomic Nervous System?
Two neuron chain
What are the 2 neurons called in the ANS?
Preganglionic and Postganglionic neuron
Preganglionic neuron:
Synapses with the cell body of the postganglionic fiber in a ganglion outside the CNS.
Postganglionic neuron:
Sends axons that end on the effector organ.
What are the two subdivisions of the ANS?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
FYI
FYI
What is the main function of the ANS?
To maintain homeostasis
What detects stimuli from blood vessels and internal organs?
The visceral sensory portion of the ANS
What transmits nerve signals to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands?
Autonomic motor portion
FYI: Try to memorize this slide
Which division:
-prepares the body for emergencies
-increased alertness and metabolic activity
- “Three E’s”: emergency, exercise, or excitement
Sympathetic division
Which division:
- functions to maintain homeostasis at rest
- energy conservation and replenishing stage
Parasympathetic division
Where do all nerves physically come off?
Thoracolumbar
What are sympathetic trunks lateral to?
The vertebral column
Where is the prevertebral ganglia located?
Immediately anterior to the vertebral column
What is “rest and digest” a part of? (Nervous system)
Parasympathetic nervous system
What division is the Ganglia associated with?
The Parasympathetic division
FYI
What are the “three E’s”?
Excitement
Exercise
Emergency
What is the goal of the sympathetic nervous system?
Increase flow of oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood to the muscles
What is the goal of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Slowing down activities, increase digestion
What do pupils do in the sympathetic nervous system?
Dilate
Which nervous system promotes digestive and urinary activities?
Parasympathetic nervous system
What is dual innervation?
When organs are innervated by both divisions of ANS.
Parasympathetic and sympathetic effects are usually…
antagonistic.
What systems are controlled only by the sympathetic nervous division?
ABE:
- Adrenal medulla
- Blood vessels
- Effectors of skin
True or False: ANS is an independent nervous system.
False. It is regulated by the CNS.
What 4 regions of the CNS is the ANS influenced by?
Cerebrum, Hypothalamus, Brainstem, and Spinal Cord
In what CNS region is the ANS affected by conscious activities?
Cerebrum
What is the central structure involved with the ANS?
Hypothalamus
What region mediates major ANS reflexes?
The Brainstem
What controls changes in heart rate, pupil size, and eye lens shape for focusing?
Brainstem
What controls changes in blood pressure, blood vessel diameter, and digestion?
Brainstem
