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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 6 A&P > Flashcards

Chapter 6 A&P Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 general functions of bone?

A
  1. Support/Protection
  2. Hemopoiesis
  3. Storage of calcium mineral
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2
Q

What is Hemopoiesis?

A

Production of blood cells occurring in red bone marrow

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3
Q

What does bone store?

A

Calcium Mineral

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4
Q

Describe the diaphysis.

A

Elongated, usually cylindrical shaft

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5
Q

What is the knobby region at the ends of a long bone called?

A

Epiphysis

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6
Q

End of the bone CLOSEST to the trunk?

A

Proximal epiphysis

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7
Q

End of the bone FARTHEST from the trunk?

Hint: Think of distance.

A

Distal epiphysis

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8
Q

What is articular cartilage covered by? Why?

A

A thin layer of hyaline cartilage for reducing friction and absorbing shock

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9
Q

What is the region called of mature bone between diaphysis and epiphysis?

A

Metaphysis

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10
Q

What cavity is in the middle of the bone?

A

Medullary cavity

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11
Q

What is found in adults to indicate they are done growing?

A

The epiphyseal line

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12
Q

What provides for continued bone growth (lengthwise)?

A

Epiphyseal plate

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13
Q

What is Endosteum?

Hint: Endo = in

A

Tissue that covers all internal surfaces of bone within medullary cavity

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14
Q

What is Periosteum?

Hint: Peri = around

A

Tough sheath of tissue covering the outer surface of the bone

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of bone marrow?

A

Red and yellow

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16
Q

Which bone marrow is made up of a fatty substance?

A

Yellow

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17
Q

What are the 4 kinds of cells in the bone?

A
  1. Osteoprogenitor- primordial
  2. Osteoblasts (baby bone cells)
  3. Osteocytes- maintenance
  4. Osteoclasts- eat bone, cause to release calcium
18
Q

2 main divisions of bone tissue:

A

Compact and Spongey

19
Q

What is the purpose of compact bone?

A

Provides protection and support

20
Q

What is the purpose of spongey bone?

A

It provides tissue support

21
Q

What is compact bone composed of?

A

Osteons

22
Q

What lies at the center of osteon where blood vessels and nerves travel?

A

Central canal

23
Q

What is the Concentric lamellae?

A

The rings of bone surrounding the central canal

24
Q

What is a component of spongey bone?

A

Trabeculae

25
Q

What is trabeculae?

A

Form of meshwork of crisscrossing bars to provide resistance to stresses

26
Q

What is the process of bone formation called?

A

Ossification (osteogenesis)

27
Q

When would bones form? (4 ways)

A
  1. Fetal development
  2. When bones grow before adulthood
  3. When bones remodel
  4. Fractures heal
28
Q

What are the two forms in which ossification takes place?

A

Intramembranous and Endochondral

29
Q

What kind of bones are formed with intramembranous ossification?

A

Facial bones

30
Q

Steps of intramembranous ossification: (4)

A
  1. Form thickened regions
  2. Osteoid undergoes calcification
  3. Extracellular matrix develops into trabeculae to fuse to form spongey bone
  4. Development of periosteum from periphery of bone
31
Q

True or false: The epiphyseal plate starts as cartilage.

A

True, it only solidifies into bone once you are done growing.

32
Q

What is bone remodeling?

A

The continual process of bone deposition and resorption

33
Q

How does one get increased bone mass?

A

Weight-bearing activities

34
Q

How does decreased bone mass happen?

A

No to little stress on the bone structure which causes demineralization

35
Q

What are the 4 steps of the healing process when a bone fractures?

A
  1. Reactive phase- formation of fracture hematoma
  2. Formation of fibrocartilaginous callus
  3. A bony callus formation
  4. Bone remodeling
36
Q

What percentage of calcium do bones store?

A

99%

37
Q

What is secreted when calcium levels drop?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

38
Q

When calcium is released, what is then stimulated to increase bone breakdown?

A

Osteoclasts

39
Q

What is Osteopenia?

A

When bone density and mass decrease, usually due to older age

40
Q

What is the more severe version of Osteopenia?

A

Osteoporosis

Anatomy & Physiology (16 decks)

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